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Fvnctiones exponentialis, logarithmica et hyperbolicae: introdvctio

Svmmarivm

Haec lectio partem aperit fvnctioni exponentiali, fvnctioni logarithmicae et fvnctionibvs hyperbolicis dicatam. Sex eivs lectiones exponit et qvid qvaeqve demonstret; historiam harvm notionvm percvrrit, a correspondentia inter progressiones qvam Archimedes svbodoratvs est et Stifelivs ordinavit vsqve ad logarithmos Napieri et Bürgi, nvmervm ee Iacobi Bernovlli et Evleri et fvnctiones hyperbolicas Riccati et Lamberti; qvaestionem vnde ortae svnt envntiat, qvae est prodvcta in svmmas convertere, eamqve in dvas aeqvationes fvnctionales vertit; et deniqve describit locvm qvem hae fvnctiones obtinent in continvatione hvivs cvrsvs, in aliis cvrsibvs sitvs et in scientia.

Proposita discendi

  1. Argvmentvm cvivsqve lectionis partis describere et ordinem logicvm qvo aliae ex aliis pendent, a potentia exponentis realis vsqve ad fvnctiones hyperbolicas.
  2. Inventionem logarithmorvm, inventvm nvmeri ee et introdvctionem fvnctionvm hyperbolicarvm in svo contextv historico collocare, qvaestionem practicam agnoscendo qvae vnamqvamqve earvm movit.
  3. Qvaestionem prodvcta in svmmas convertendi per aeqvationes L(xy)=L(x)+L(y)L(xy) = L(x) + L(y) et f(x+y)=f(x)f(y)f(x + y) = f(x) f(y) exprimere, et per tabvlam Stifelii explicare cvr eivs solvtio exponentes reales postvlet.
  4. Vsvs harvm fvnctionvm agnoscere in cvrsv Algebra et Geometria II, in aliis cvrsibvs et in physica, chemia, biologia, re nvmmaria et informatica.

Probatio initialis

Anteqvam pars percvrratvr, expedit pvnctvm vnde proficiscimvr metiri, nvlla nota tribvta. Decem primae qvaestiones sex lectiones argvmenti partis attingvnt: binae singvlas trivm lectionvm qvibvs reliqva nitvntvr (potentiam exponentis realis, nvmervm ee et aeqvationes), vna lectionem de logarithmo, altera lectionem de fvnctionibvs hyperbolicis et dvae lectionem de exemplaribvs, qvarvm secvnda postvlat vt ex datis exemplar ponatvr; eaedem facvltates in fine itervm mensvrantvr, in lectione synthesis. Tres vltimae confirmant qvid pars ex partibvs de generibvs nvmerorvm et de geometria analytica plani pro cognito habeat. Qvodqve responsvm erronevm lectionem indicat in qva immorandvm est.

Probatio initialis

Antequam vnitatem incipias, pvnctvm vnde proficisceris metire. Brevis est sui ipsivs probatio: non aestimatvr, et eivs exitvs in solo tvo navigatro servatvr.

  1. Qvaestio 1Qvae est copia imaginvm fvnctionis f(x)=2−3x+1f(x) = 2 - 3^{x + 1}?

  2. Qvaestio 2Compvtare (22)8\left( 2^{\sqrt{2}} \right)^{\sqrt{8}}.

  3. Qvaestio 3Sors 11 collocatvr modo vsvrae annvo 200200 pro centvm, id est r=2r = 2, capitalizatione nn vicibvs in anno facta. Qvod est svpremvm sortivm (1+2n)n\left( 1 + \frac{2}{n} \right)^n post annvm?

  4. Qvaestio 4Cvm s3=1+1+12+16s_3 = 1 + 1 + \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{6}, qvem marginem svperiorem erroris e−s3e - s_3 praebet theorema erroris seriei?

  5. Qvaestio 5Compvtare log⁡832\log_8 32.

  6. Qvaestio 6Qvae svnt solvtiones reales aeqvationis 9x−2⋅3x−3=09^x - 2 \cdot 3^x - 3 = 0?

  7. Qvaestio 7Aeqvationem log⁡3x+log⁡3(x−8)=2\log_3 x + \log_3 (x - 8) = 2 solvere.

  8. Qvaestio 8Isotopvs radioactivvs tempvs dimidiationis 88 diervm habet. Qvae fractio massae initialis post 2424 dies svperest?

  9. Qvaestio 9Nvmerationes cvltvrae bacteriorvm, in delineatione semilogarithmica notatae, in recta iacent, et recta per pvncta transit qvae respondent 300300 bacteriis post 22 horas et 24002400 bacteriis post 88 horas. Qvot bacteria erant, secvndvm exemplar, cvltvra incipiente?

  10. Qvaestio 10Si x>0x > 0 et cosh⁡x=53\cosh x = \frac{5}{3}, qvantvm valet sinh⁡x\sinh x?

  11. Qvaestio 11Ex vnitatibvs prioribvsCompvtare 27−2327^{-\frac{2}{3}}.

  12. Qvaestio 12Ex vnitatibvs prioribvsQvod est svpremvm copiae nvmerorvm 1−1n1 - \frac{1}{n}, vbi nn est natvralis?

  13. Qvaestio 13Ex vnitatibvs prioribvsQvae svnt asymptoti hyperbolae x29−y24=1\frac{x^2}{9} - \frac{y^2}{4} = 1?