Category archives: Geometrical Optics

Reflection in Plane and Spherical Mirrors Abstract: In this class, we will review the basic principles of geometric optics, focusing on reflection in plane and spherical mirrors. It defines key terms such as light ray, point object, and point image. Additionally, it addresses the sign convention for mirrors and Descartes’…

Plane Mirrors, Solved Problems Summary: In this class, we will review some solved problems of plane mirrors. The angle of reflection is determined based on the angle between two plane mirrors joined by a hinge, and specific examples are calculated. Critical values of are examined so that the ray bounces…

Solved Problems of Spherical Mirrors In previous classes, we already covered all the theory related to plane and spherical mirrors, and examples of reasoning with plane mirrors were also shown. Now it is time to review some solved problems with spherical mirrors. Below, we will review some typical problems about…

The Refraction of Light and Snell’s Law Summary: In this class, we will explore the refraction of light through the analysis of Snell’s Law. The concept of the refractive index will be explained, Snell’s Law will be derived using Fermat’s principle, and the study of how this law allows us…

Refraction at Spherical Interfaces Summary: In this lesson, we will analyze Refraction at Spherical Interfaces, highlighting how light behaves when passing through spherical surfaces and how images are formed. The key equations for calculating the position and size of images are presented. Practical cases, such as lenses and the estimation…

Thin Lenses: Everything About Their Properties and Calculations Summary: This class introduces thin lenses, explaining their types (convergent and divergent), their optical properties, and the object-image relationship. Graphical methods are presented, and the lens maker’s equation is derived to understand their functioning. The aim is to provide a basic understanding…