Category archives: Physics

Continuous Bodies in Physics: From Point-like to Continuous Summary: This class studies continuous bodies in physics. It starts with point-like objects but shows how Newtonian mechanics explains that objects formed by many particles can simulate the continuity of nature. It reviews Newton’s laws to understand motion and causes in particles….

Thermodynamic Limit, Pressure, and Extensive and Intensive Variables Summary: This class introduces the concept of the Thermodynamic Limit to explain how some physical systems are treated statistically. An analogy of particles colliding with a wall is used, where pressure is defined as the total force per unit area. By considering…

Empirical Formulation of the Ideal Gas Have you ever wondered why a balloon expands when heated or why a tire’s pressure changes with altitude? In this lesson, we will review the laws governing these behaviors and how they lead to the ideal gas equation, along with its considerations and key…

The Pressure of Fluids Summary: This class will focus on the concept of fluid pressure at rest and how it varies with depth. We will learn that the pressure at a point within a fluid directly depends on its density, gravity, and depth. Learning Objectives: By the end of the…

Pascal’s Principle Summary: In this class, Pascal’s Principle will be explained, which states that pressure applied to an incompressible fluid is distributed uniformly. We will see its consequences, such as the constant level in containers and the relationship between displaced volumes. Additionally, we will show applications in hydraulic machines and…

Mole and Molar Mass in Thermodynamics Summary: The class introduces the mole and molar mass in thermodynamics, highlighting the importance of the relationships between particles in an object. It explains the need for statistical approaches for systems with many particles. The mole is defined with Avogadro’s Number, and it shows…

The Stirling Formula The Stirling formula is an essential tool for simplifying calculations with factorials of large numbers, offering a quick and practical approximation. This result is especially useful in areas such as thermodynamics, probability, and asymptotic analysis, where working with extremely large numbers is common. Understanding its derivation not…

Combinatorics Problems in Thermodynamics How many ways are there to organize a physical system composed of millions of elements? In this class, we will explore how mathematics allows us to answer questions like this in the context of thermodynamics, from the distribution of energy quanta in atomic systems to calculating…

Buoyancy and Archimedes’ Principle Summary: This lesson will explain the phenomenon of Buoyancy and Archimedes’ Principle, showing how submerged objects in a fluid experience an upward force equal to the weight of the displaced fluid. This principle is used to calculate the portion of an object that emerges above the…

Exercises: Moles, Combinatorics, and Large Numbers Now is the time to apply what you have learned with practical exercises that will help you master essential thermodynamic concepts, such as moles, combinatorics, and calculations with large numbers. If you haven’t done so already, I recommend reviewing the previous lessons, as they…