{"id":35731,"date":"2021-09-30T13:00:29","date_gmt":"2021-09-30T13:00:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/?p=35731"},"modified":"2025-12-29T03:26:23","modified_gmt":"2025-12-29T03:26:23","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%b6-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%87%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a-%d9%88%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%ba%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%b6-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d9%87%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%8a-%d9%88%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%ba%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%b3\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0648\u0633"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\np, ul, ol{\ntext-align: justify;\n}\nh1{\ntext-align:center;\ntext-transform: uppercase;\n}\nh2{\ntext-align:center;\ntext-transform: uppercase;\nfont-size:24pt;\n}\nh3 { \n    text-align: center;\n    text-transform: uppercase;\n    font-size: 24px !important;\n}\n<\/style>\n<h1>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0648\u0633<\/h1>\n<p>\n\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u00ab\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u00bb \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621\u064b: \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642. \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u00ab\u0623\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0629\u00bb \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u0623\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u00bb\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u062b\u0642\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><b>\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0634\u0631\u062d<\/strong> \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/strong> \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0631\u0628\u0637<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/strong> \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u063a\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><b><u>\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/u>:<\/b><br \/>\n<a href=\"#1\">\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#2\">\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#3\">\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#4\">\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#5\">\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0648\u0633<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#6\">\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#7\">\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#8\">\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<p><center><iframe class=\"lazyload\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/b96XremJiKQ\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/center><br \/>\n<a name=\"1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=b96XremJiKQ&amp;t=128s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646<\/span><\/strong><\/a> \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\vec{E}(\\vec{r}) = \\int_V d\\vec{E}(\\vec{r})= \\int_V \\frac{\\rho(\\vec{r}^\\prime)}{4\\pi\\epsilon_0}\\frac{\\vec{r}-\\vec{r}^\\prime}{\\|\\vec{r}-\\vec{r}^\\prime\\|^3}dV<\/span>\n<p>\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\rho(\\vec{r}^\\prime)<\/span><\/span> \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\rho<\/span> \u0628\u0640 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\sigma<\/span> \u0623\u0648 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\lambda<\/span>\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628. \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0623\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0645 \u0622\u062c\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u064d. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"2\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=b96XremJiKQ&amp;t=235s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a<\/span><\/strong><\/a> \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 <strong>\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0646\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\vec{E}(\\vec{r}) = \\frac{1}{4\\pi\\epsilon_0}\\frac{q}{\\|\\vec{r}\\|^2}\\hat{r}<\/span>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><center><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEhlkOkwoYFrKYwfidmawFFb60AlBumv8u2irJnN87xYJnTfY7h2U1HL3Hzfh7kQZHhyctM7r70IfEXZkh0faUjZrGr3H_h6xrjeED-GqV39v_t2OzPD0zD9sjlm9t_twIEuaJcte9qhEGIKH3Bzn7a_AZ1rCh53DFunFLiXm09JalAMYQNAjKjv3oOosA\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" alt=\"Campo el\u00e9ctrico de una carga puntual en forma de vectores\" class=\"alignnone size-full lazyload\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEhlkOkwoYFrKYwfidmawFFb60AlBumv8u2irJnN87xYJnTfY7h2U1HL3Hzfh7kQZHhyctM7r70IfEXZkh0faUjZrGr3H_h6xrjeED-GqV39v_t2OzPD0zD9sjlm9t_twIEuaJcte9qhEGIKH3Bzn7a_AZ1rCh53DFunFLiXm09JalAMYQNAjKjv3oOosA\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" alt=\"Campo el\u00e9ctrico de una carga puntual en forma de vectores\" class=\"alignnone size-full lazyload\" \/><\/noscript><\/center><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0641\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627. \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629: \u00ab\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u00bb \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637. \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u00ab\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637.<\/p>\n<p><center><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEgebGCEuU6Akvc8M-p8m0FjK-a1AGtq4H7A2fAuy1r6M08uAnWQRYJfHIRtcRAvGt3CQZHCI7EwCHv3os55aZpef1KDTHFDiS2Sf8nvyXH_ctiildMSeSK-suC7al5kbGmFReywKsEJh1GVsHDtTqRShAyiJZFQER2fKav4wOcn9z8q7zjmjk3T07UHTQ\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" class=\"alignnone size-full lazyload\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEgebGCEuU6Akvc8M-p8m0FjK-a1AGtq4H7A2fAuy1r6M08uAnWQRYJfHIRtcRAvGt3CQZHCI7EwCHv3os55aZpef1KDTHFDiS2Sf8nvyXH_ctiildMSeSK-suC7al5kbGmFReywKsEJh1GVsHDtTqRShAyiJZFQER2fKav4wOcn9z8q7zjmjk3T07UHTQ\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" class=\"alignnone size-full lazyload\" \/><\/noscript><\/center><br \/>\n<a name=\"3\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0633\u064e\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 (\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f). \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647\u0627 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">r<\/span>\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\frac{n}{2\\pi r}<\/span>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">r<\/span> \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">r^2<\/span><\/span>\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0651\u064e\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064f\u0633\u0651\u0650\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f (\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0641\u0630)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0643\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\frac{n}{4\\pi r^2}<\/span>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">r^2<\/span><\/span>. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u062c\u064e\u0632 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627: \u0646\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"4\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=b96XremJiKQ&amp;t=665s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f<\/span><\/strong><\/a> \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u064e\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vec{E}<\/span><\/span> \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">S<\/span> \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\Phi_{\\vec{E},S} =\\displaystyle \\int_S \\vec{E}\\cdot d\\vec{S}<\/span>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0646\u062e\u062f\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640\u00ab\u0639\u062f\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u00bb. \u0644\u0646\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 (\u0623\u0648 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627) \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">S<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"5\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0648\u0633<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=b96XremJiKQ&amp;t=758s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/span><\/strong><\/a> \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0644\u0650\u0646\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<p><center><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEgGcCL8WVnhwXmxDkhsW5W31AyJiEsJDsVZZDNm1kQ-MREYYaaBvYb7CBkGSCkfPgiNbDGFP-R4LHr_9pH6ijy0Ji7m1VgzO2pjJwjFDOqAd61VGMJfb4CDfmGyn9uacon7VcpXlB9cd7ZltDUEc3fhDQ86PuKqQb7kN-JuNgGxInlRKiyY91nU2zHfIg\" width=\"500\" height=\"400\" alt=\"Flujo el\u00e9ctrico en una superficie cerrada\" class=\"alignnone size-full lazyload\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEgGcCL8WVnhwXmxDkhsW5W31AyJiEsJDsVZZDNm1kQ-MREYYaaBvYb7CBkGSCkfPgiNbDGFP-R4LHr_9pH6ijy0Ji7m1VgzO2pjJwjFDOqAd61VGMJfb4CDfmGyn9uacon7VcpXlB9cd7ZltDUEc3fhDQ86PuKqQb7kN-JuNgGxInlRKiyY91nU2zHfIg\" width=\"500\" height=\"400\" alt=\"Flujo el\u00e9ctrico en una superficie cerrada\" class=\"alignnone size-full lazyload\" \/><\/noscript><\/center><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\n\\begin{array}{rl}\n\n\\displaystyle \\oint_S \\vec{E}\\cdot d\\vec{S} &amp;= \\displaystyle \\oint_S \\left(\\frac{1}{4\\pi\\epsilon_0} \\frac{q_{enc}}{\\|\\vec{r}\\|^2}\\hat{r} \\right)\\cdot d\\vec{S} \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp; = \\displaystyle \\frac{q_{enc}}{4\\pi\\epsilon_0} \\oint_S \\frac{\\hat{r}}{\\|\\vec{r}\\|^2}\\cdot d\\vec{S} \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp; = \\displaystyle \\frac{q_{enc}}{4\\pi\\epsilon_0} \\underbrace{\\oint_S d{\\Omega}}_{= 4\\pi} = \\frac{q_{enc}}{\\epsilon_0}\n\n\\end{array}\n\n<\/span>\n<p><center><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEjLQhqvLJZMuQHfXHj_WYfbajP9PYwVdNgs4eVflg_jQAJSFu5czNfBgMBTWOWXCE5Tx3-DYwrs8eNpOuJoflvQYbUwpl3BG4BaZxJdnJirqRPsbZM00TfnzyGQvuAimfenB3GUYnEJdZDh2xiXWX5ftu0bN-UYH3G4rydnrnBqEpKDNnNXgdpi5EP81w\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" class=\"alignnone size-full lazyload\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEjLQhqvLJZMuQHfXHj_WYfbajP9PYwVdNgs4eVflg_jQAJSFu5czNfBgMBTWOWXCE5Tx3-DYwrs8eNpOuJoflvQYbUwpl3BG4BaZxJdnJirqRPsbZM00TfnzyGQvuAimfenB3GUYnEJdZDh2xiXWX5ftu0bN-UYH3G4rydnrnBqEpKDNnNXgdpi5EP81w\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" class=\"alignnone size-full lazyload\" \/><\/noscript><\/center><\/p>\n<p>\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle\\color{blue}{\\oint_S \\vec{E}\\cdot d\\vec{S} = \\frac{q_{enc}}{\\epsilon_0}}<\/span>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 <strong>\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647. \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a.<\/p>\n<div style=\"background-color: #c0ffc0; padding: 20px;\">\n<h4>\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0644\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0633<\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=b96XremJiKQ&amp;t=1007s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vec{F}<\/span><\/span> \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0642<\/span><\/strong><\/a> \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">S<\/span> \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064b\u0627 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">V<\/span>\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\oint_S\\vec{F}\\cdot d\\vec{S} = \\int_V (\\vec{\\nabla}\\cdot \\vec{F})dV<\/span>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=b96XremJiKQ&amp;t=1055s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f<\/span><\/strong><\/a> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">S<\/span> \u0646\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\oint_S\\vec{E}\\cdot d\\vec{S} = \\int_V (\\vec{\\nabla}\\cdot\\vec{E})dV = \\frac{q_{enc}}{\\epsilon_0}<\/span>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\frac{q_{enc}}{\\epsilon_0} = \\int_V \\frac{\\rho}{\\epsilon_0} dV<\/span>\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\color{blue}{\\vec{\\nabla}\\cdot\\vec{E} = \\frac{\\rho}{\\epsilon_0}}<\/span>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 <strong>\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"6\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a<\/h2>\n<p><center><iframe class=\"lazyload\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/04itEuVNDN4\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0623\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">z<\/span> \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">R<\/span> \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\sigma<\/span>. \u062d\u0644\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">z\\lt R<\/span><\/span>\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">z\\geq R<\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u062d\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0629 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\rho<\/span>. \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\|\\vec{E}\\|<\/span><\/span> \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">z<\/span>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">r<\/span> \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0647\u0648 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vec{E}=kr^2\\hat{r}<\/span><\/span>\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">k<\/span> \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a. \u0623\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\rho<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a name=\"7\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n<p><center><iframe class=\"lazyload\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/6eMaax9orAo\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6eMaax9orAo&amp;t=122s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627<\/span><\/strong><\/a>\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\rho<\/span> \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">q_{enc}\/\\epsilon_0<\/span><\/span>\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u064e\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">d\\vec{S}<\/span><\/span>\u061b \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\|\\vec{E}\\|<\/span><\/span> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u064a:<\/strong> \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a:<\/strong> \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064d:<\/strong> \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a name=\"8\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a<\/h3>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6eMaax9orAo&amp;t=630s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627<\/span><\/strong><\/a> \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">R<\/span> \u0648\u0645\u0634\u062d\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\rho<\/span> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\rho(r) = \\left\\{\\begin{array}{lll}\n\nkr &amp; ; &amp; r\\lt R \\\\ \\\\\n\n0 &amp; ; &amp; R\\lt r \\\\ \\\\\n\n\\end{array}\\right.<\/span>\n<p>\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">k<\/span> \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a. \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6eMaax9orAo&amp;t=1895s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0623\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c<\/span><\/strong><\/a> \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0632\u0648\u0651\u062f \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645\u0629 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\sigma<\/span>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u00ab\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u00bb \u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629. \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621\u064b: \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642. \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":35708,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"iawp_total_views":2,"footnotes":""},"categories":[641,716],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35731","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-641","category-716"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0648\u0633 - toposuranos.com\/material<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0636 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