{"id":33352,"date":"2024-11-30T13:00:33","date_gmt":"2024-11-30T13:00:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/?p=33352"},"modified":"2025-07-18T00:27:00","modified_gmt":"2025-07-18T00:27:00","slug":"derivatives-of-polynomial-trigonometric-and-logarithmic-functions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/en\/derivatives-of-polynomial-trigonometric-and-logarithmic-functions\/","title":{"rendered":"Derivatives of Polynomial, Trigonometric, and Logarithmic Functions"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\np, ul, ol{\ntext-align: justify;\n}\nh1{\ntext-align:center;\ntext-transform: uppercase;\n}\nh2{\ntext-align:center;\ntext-transform: uppercase;\nfont-size:24pt;\n}\nh3 { \n    text-align: center;\n    text-transform: uppercase;\n    font-size: 24px !important;\n}\n<\/style>\n<style><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\"><\/span><br \/>\np, ul, ol{\ntext-align: justify;\n}\nh1{\ntext-align:center;\ntext-transform: uppercase;\n}\nh2{\ntext-align:center;\ntext-transform: uppercase;\nfont-size:24pt;\n}\nh3 { \n    text-align: center;\n    text-transform: uppercase;\n    font-size: 24px !important;\n}\n<\/style>\n<h1>Derivatives of Polynomials, Trigonometric and Logarithmic Functions<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em><br \/>\nThe derivative is a central tool in differential calculus, with fundamental applications in science, engineering, and economics. This article offers a progressive guide to mastering the differentiation of functions, from polynomials to trigonometric and logarithmic functions. Through demonstrations and concrete examples, it aims to foster an understanding of both the application of the rules and their underlying principles.<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><strong>Learning Objectives<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Understand<\/strong> the general concept of derivative and its fundamental properties.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Apply<\/strong> the formal definition of derivative to compute basic derivatives.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Demonstrate<\/strong> by means of limits the derivative of constant functions and the identity function.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Obtain<\/strong> the rules for differentiating trigonometric functions starting from the fundamental derivatives of sine and cosine.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Compute<\/strong> derivatives of composite trigonometric functions using algebraic rules.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Formally demonstrate<\/strong> the derivative of the natural logarithm using limits.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\">\n<strong><u>TABLE OF CONTENTS<\/u>:<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"#1\">Derivative of Algebraic Functions<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#2\">Derivatives of Transcendental Functions<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<p><center><iframe class=\"lazyload\" title=\"YouTube video player\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/LudVXLRnmLw\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<p>So far, we have only reviewed what the derivative is and some of its algebraic properties, but we have not addressed how to actually compute it. Here we will resolve that issue by showing each differentiation technique and how it is derived in each case.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Derivative of Algebraic Functions<\/h2>\n<h3>Constant Function<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=LudVXLRnmLw&amp;t=104s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">If <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">f(x) = c,<\/span> where <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">c<\/span><\/span> <\/strong><\/a>is any real constant, then we have:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\frac{df(x)}{dx} =\\frac{d}{dx}c = 0<\/span>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>PROOF:<\/strong><\/span> This proof is actually done in a single step:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\n\\begin{array}{rll}\n\n(1) &amp;\\displaystyle \\dfrac{d}{dx}c &amp;=\\displaystyle \\lim_{\\Delta x \\to 0} \\dfrac{c - c}{\\Delta x} \\quad \\text{; Definition of derivative for $f(x)=c$} \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp; &amp;=\\displaystyle \\lim_{\\Delta x \\to 0} \\dfrac{0}{\\Delta x} = 0\n\n\\end{array}\n\n<\/span>\n<h3>Identity Function<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=LudVXLRnmLw&amp;t=169s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">If <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">f(x) = x,<\/span> then:<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\frac{df(x)}{dx} =\\frac{dx}{dx}=1<\/span>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>PROOF:<\/strong><\/span> Very similar to the previous one, also derived in a single step:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\n\\begin{array}{rll}\n\n(1) &amp; \\dfrac{d}{dx}x &amp;= \\displaystyle \\lim_{\\Delta x\\to 0} \\dfrac{(x+\\Delta x) - x}{\\Delta x} \\quad \\text{; Definition of derivative for $f(x) = x$}\\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp; &amp;=\\displaystyle \\lim_{\\Delta x\\to 0} \\dfrac{\\Delta x}{\\Delta x} = 1\n\n\\end{array}\n\n<\/span>\n<h3>Natural Powers<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=LudVXLRnmLw&amp;t=239s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">If <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">f(x) = x^n,<\/span> where<\/span> <\/strong><\/a><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">n<\/span> is any natural number, then we have:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\frac{df(x)}{dx} =\\frac{dx^n}{dx} =nx^{n-1}<\/span>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>PROOF:<\/strong><\/span> To prove this theorem, we will need to use the <a href=\"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/ejercicios-de-induccion-matematica-teorema-del-binomio-de-newton\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Binomial Theorem<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\n\\begin{array}{rll}\n\n(1) &amp;\\displaystyle \\dfrac{d}{dx}x^n = \\lim_{\\Delta x \\to 0} \\frac{(x+\\Delta x)^n -x^n}{\\Delta x} &amp;\\text{ ; Definition of limit for $f(x)= x^n$} \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp; \\displaystyle \\phantom{\\displaystyle \\dfrac{d}{dx}x^n} =\\lim_{\\Delta x \\to 0} \\dfrac{\\displaystyle \\left[\\sum_{k=0}^n {{n}\\choose{k}} x^{n-k}(\\Delta x)^{k} \\right] - x^n}{\\Delta x} &amp; \\text{; Binomial Theorem applied to $(1)$} \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp; \\displaystyle\\phantom{\\displaystyle \\dfrac{d}{dx}x^n} =\\lim_{\\Delta x \\to 0} \\dfrac{\\displaystyle x^n + \\left[\\sum_{k=1}^n {{n}\\choose{k}} x^{n-k}(\\Delta x)^{k} \\right] - x^n}{\\Delta x} &amp; \\text{; Isolating the first term of the sum} \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp; \\displaystyle\\phantom{\\displaystyle \\dfrac{d}{dx}x^n} =\\lim_{\\Delta x \\to 0} \\dfrac{\\displaystyle \\left[\\sum_{k=1}^n {{n}\\choose{k}} x^{n-k}(\\Delta x)^{k} \\right]}{\\Delta x} &amp; \\text{; Canceling like terms} \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp; \\displaystyle\\phantom{\\displaystyle \\dfrac{d}{dx}x^n} =\\lim_{\\Delta x \\to 0} \\displaystyle \\left[\\sum_{k=1}^n {{n}\\choose{k}} x^{n-k}(\\Delta x)^{k-1} \\right] &amp; \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp; \\displaystyle\\phantom{\\displaystyle \\dfrac{d}{dx}x^n} =\\lim_{\\Delta x \\to 0} \\displaystyle \\left[ {{n}\\choose{1}} x^{n-1}(\\Delta x)^{0} + \\sum_{k=2}^n {{n}\\choose{k}} x^{n-k}(\\Delta x)^{k-1} \\right] &amp; \\text{; Extracting the first term from the sum} \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp; \\displaystyle \\color{blue} {\\displaystyle \\dfrac{d}{dx}x^n} = n x^{n-1} &amp; \\color{black}\n\n\\end{array}\n\n<\/span>\n<h3>Integer Powers<\/h3>\n<p>The proof just reviewed only supports the case in which the exponents are natural numbers, but it can be extended to arbitrary integers. If <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">a\\in \\mathbb{Z}<\/span>, then we have:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\frac{dx^a}{dx} = ax^{a-1}<\/span>\n<p>We already know this works for positive integers; we only need to examine what happens when we consider negative powers. It is therefore sufficient to prove that:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\frac{dx^{-n}}{dx} = {-n}x^{-n-1}<\/span>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>PROOF:<\/strong><\/span> To do this, it is enough to consider the derivative of the quotient:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\n\\begin{array}{rll}\n\n(1) &amp; \\dfrac{d}{dx}x^{-n} &amp;= \\dfrac{d}{dx} \\left( \\dfrac{1}{x^n}\\right) \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp; &amp;= \\dfrac{0 \\cdot nx^{n-1} - nx^{n-1} \\cdot 1}{x^{2n}}\\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp; &amp;= -nx^{n-1-2n} \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp; &amp;= -nx^{-n-1}\n\n\\end{array}\n\n<\/span>\n<p><a name=\"2\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Derivatives of Transcendental Functions<\/h2>\n<h3>Trigonometric Functions<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=LudVXLRnmLw&amp;t=667s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">These include the following<\/span><\/strong><\/a> differentiation rules:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\frac{d}{dx}\\sin(x) = \\cos(x)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\frac{d}{dx}\\sec(x) = \\sec(x)\\tan(x)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\frac{d}{dx}\\cos(x) = -\\sin(x)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\frac{d}{dx}\\csc(x) = -\\csc(x)\\cot(x)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\frac{d}{dx}\\tan(x) = \\sec^2(x)<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\frac{d}{dx}\\cot(x) = -\\csc^2(x)<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>To obtain each of these rules, the best approach is to begin with the derivatives of sine and cosine; then, using the results along with the algebra of derivatives, derive the formulas for the other trigonometric functions.<\/p>\n<h4>Proof of the Derivative of Sine<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\begin{array}{rll}\n\n(1) &amp;\\dfrac{d}{dx}\\sin(x) = \\displaystyle \\lim_{\\Delta x \\to 0} \\dfrac{\\sin(x+\\Delta x) - \\sin(x)}{\\Delta x} &amp; \\text{; Definition of derivative of sine} \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp;\\phantom{\\dfrac{d}{dx}\\sin(x)} = \\displaystyle \\lim_{\\Delta x \\to 0} \\dfrac{\\sin(x)\\cos(\\Delta x) + \\sin(\\Delta x)\\cos(x) - \\sin(x)}{\\Delta x} &amp; \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp;\\phantom{\\dfrac{d}{dx}\\sin(x)} = \\displaystyle \\lim_{\\Delta x \\to 0} \\dfrac{ \\sin(x)\\left[\\cos(\\Delta x) -1\\right] + \\sin(\\Delta x)\\cos(x) }{\\Delta x} &amp; \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp;\\phantom{\\dfrac{d}{dx}\\sin(x)} = \\displaystyle \\sin(x)\\lim_{\\Delta x \\to 0} \\left[\\dfrac{\\cos(\\Delta x) - 1}{\\Delta x} \\right] + \\cos(x) \\lim_{\\Delta x \\to 0} \\left[ \\dfrac{\\sin(\\Delta x)}{\\Delta x} \\right] &amp; \\\\ \\\\\n\n(2)&amp;\\displaystyle \\lim_{\\Delta x\\to 0} \\dfrac{\\sin(\\Delta x)}{\\Delta x} = 1 &amp; \\text{; By the Squeeze Theorem}\\\\ \\\\\n\n(3)&amp;\\displaystyle \\lim_{\\Delta x\\to 0} \\dfrac{\\cos(\\Delta x) - 1}{\\Delta x} = \\lim_{\\Delta x\\to 0} \\dfrac{\\cos(\\Delta x) - 1}{\\Delta x} \\cdot \\dfrac{\\cos(\\Delta x) + 1}{\\cos(\\Delta x) + 1} &amp; \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp;\\displaystyle\\phantom{\\lim_{\\Delta x\\to 0} \\dfrac{\\cos(\\Delta x) - 1}{\\Delta x}} = \\lim_{\\Delta x\\to 0} \\dfrac{\\cos^2(\\Delta x) - 1}{\\Delta x (\\cos(\\Delta x) + 1)} &amp; \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp;\\displaystyle\\phantom{\\lim_{\\Delta x\\to 0} \\dfrac{\\cos(\\Delta x) - 1}{\\Delta x}} = \\lim_{\\Delta x\\to 0} \\dfrac{-\\sin^2(\\Delta x)}{\\Delta x (\\cos(\\Delta x) + 1)} &amp; \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp;\\displaystyle\\phantom{\\lim_{\\Delta x\\to 0} \\dfrac{\\cos(\\Delta x) - 1}{\\Delta x}} =- \\lim_{\\Delta x\\to 0} \\dfrac{\\sin(\\Delta x)}{\\Delta x} \\cdot \\lim_{\\Delta x\\to 0} \\dfrac{\\sin(\\Delta x)}{\\cos(\\Delta x) + 1} &amp; \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp;\\displaystyle\\phantom{\\lim_{\\Delta x\\to 0} \\dfrac{\\cos(\\Delta x) - 1}{\\Delta x}} =- (1)\\cdot(0) = 0 \\\\ \\\\\n\n(4) &amp;\\color{blue}\\dfrac{d}{dx}\\sin(x) = \\cos(x) \\color{black} &amp; \\text{; From (1,2,3)}\n\n\\end{array}<\/span>\n<h4>Proof of the Derivative of Cosine<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\begin{array}{rll}\n\n(1) &amp; \\dfrac{d}{dx}\\cos(x) = \\displaystyle \\lim_{\\Delta x \\to 0} \\dfrac{\\cos(x + \\Delta x) - \\cos(x)}{\\Delta x} &amp; \\text{; Definition of the derivative of cosine} \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp; \\phantom{\\dfrac{d}{dx}\\cos(x)} = \\displaystyle \\lim_{\\Delta x \\to 0} \\dfrac{\\cos(x)\\cos(\\Delta x) - \\sin(x)\\sin(\\Delta x) - \\cos(x)}{\\Delta x} \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp; \\phantom{\\dfrac{d}{dx}\\cos(x)} = \\displaystyle \\lim_{\\Delta x \\to 0} \\dfrac{\\cos(x) [ \\cos(\\Delta x) - 1] - \\sin(x)\\sin(\\Delta x)}{\\Delta x}\\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp; \\phantom{\\dfrac{d}{dx}\\cos(x)} = \\cos(x) \\displaystyle \\lim_{\\Delta x \\to 0} \\dfrac{ [ \\cos(\\Delta x) - 1]}{\\Delta x} - \\sin(x) \\lim_{\\Delta x \\to 0} \\dfrac{\\sin(\\Delta x)}{\\Delta x}\\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp; \\phantom{\\dfrac{d}{dx}\\cos(x)} = \\cos(x) \\cdot(0) - \\sin(x)\\cdot (1)\\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp;\\color{blue}\\dfrac{d}{dx}\\cos(x) = - \\sin(x) \\color{black}\n\n\\end{array}<\/span>\n<h4>Derivatives of Tangent, Secant, Cosecant, and Cotangent<\/h4>\n<p>With the results for sine and cosine already obtained, deriving the formulas for the remaining trigonometric functions is now straightforward.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\begin{array}{rl}\n\n\\dfrac{d}{dx}\\tan(x) &amp;= \\dfrac{d}{dx} \\left( \\dfrac{\\sin(x)}{\\cos(x)} \\right) = \\dfrac{\\cos^2(x) + \\sin^2(x)}{\\cos^2(x)} = \\dfrac{1}{\\cos^2(x)} = \\color{blue}\\sec^2(x) \\color{black}\\\\ \\\\\n\n\\dfrac{d}{dx}\\sec(x) &amp;= \\dfrac{d}{dx}\\left(\\dfrac{1}{\\cos(x)} \\right) = \\dfrac{\\sin(x)}{\\cos^2(x)} =\\color{blue}\\sec(x)\\tan(x) \\color{black}\\\\ \\\\\n\n\\dfrac{d}{dx}\\csc(x) &amp;= \\dfrac{d}{dx}\\left(\\dfrac{1}{\\cos(x)}\\right) = -\\dfrac{cos(x)}{\\sin^2(x)} =\\color{blue} - \\csc(x)\\cot(x)\\color{black}\\\\ \\\\\n\n\\dfrac{d}{dx} \\cot(x) &amp;= \\dfrac{d}{dx} \\left(\\dfrac{\\cos(x)}{\\sin(x)}\\right) = \\dfrac{-\\sin^2(x)-\\cos^2(x)}{\\sin^2(x)} = -\\dfrac{1}{\\sin^2(x)} =\\color{blue} -\\csc^2(x)\\color{black}\n\n\\end{array}<\/span>\n<h3>Derivative of Logarithmic Functions<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=LudVXLRnmLw&amp;t=1331s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">The derivative of the natural logarithm<\/span><\/strong><\/a> is given by:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\frac{d}{dx}\\ln(x) = \\frac{1}{x}<\/span>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>PROOF:<\/strong><\/span> Reasoning from the definition of the derivative, we obtain the following argument:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\begin{array}{rll}\n\n(1) &amp; \\dfrac{d}{dx} \\ln(x) = \\displaystyle \\lim_{\\Delta x \\to 0} \\left [\\dfrac{\\ln(x+\\Delta x) - \\ln(x)}{\\Delta x} \\right] &amp;\\text{; Definition of the derivative for Natural Logarithm} \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp; \\phantom{\\dfrac{d}{dx} \\ln(x)} = \\displaystyle \\lim_{\\Delta x \\to 0} \\left[ \\dfrac{1}{\\Delta x} \\ln \\left( \\dfrac{x+\\Delta x}{x} \\right) \\right] \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp; \\phantom{\\dfrac{d}{dx} \\ln(x)} = \\displaystyle \\lim_{\\Delta x \\to 0} \\left[ \\ln \\left( \\dfrac{x+\\Delta x}{x} \\right)^{\\frac{1}{\\Delta x} } \\right] \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp; \\phantom{\\dfrac{d}{dx} \\ln(x)} = \\displaystyle \\lim_{\\Delta x \\to 0} \\left[ \\ln \\left( \\dfrac{x+\\Delta x}{x} \\right)^{\\frac{1}{\\color{red}x\\color{black}} \\frac{\\color{red}x\\color{black}}{\\Delta x} } \\right] \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp; \\phantom{\\dfrac{d}{dx} \\ln(x)} = \\displaystyle \\lim_{\\Delta x \\to 0} \\left[ \\dfrac{1}{x} \\ln \\left( 1 + \\dfrac{\\Delta x}{x} \\right)^{ \\frac{x}{\\Delta x} } \\right] \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp; \\phantom{\\dfrac{d}{dx} \\ln(x)} =\\dfrac{1}{x} \\ln \\displaystyle \\left[ \\lim_{\\Delta x \\to 0} \\left( 1 + \\dfrac{\\Delta x}{x} \\right)^{ \\frac{x}{\\Delta x} } \\right] \\\\ \\\\\n\n(2) &amp; n=\\dfrac{x}{\\Delta x} &amp; \\text{; substitution} \\\\ \\\\\n\n(3) &amp; (\\Delta x \\to 0^+) \\longrightarrow (n\\to +\\infty) \\\\ \\\\\n\n(4) &amp; \\dfrac{d}{dx} \\ln(x) = \\dfrac{1}{x} \\ln\\left[ \\displaystyle \\lim_{n \\to +\\infty} \\left(1 + \\dfrac{1}{n} \\right)^n \\right] = \\dfrac{1}{x} \\ln(e) = \\color{blue}\\dfrac{1}{x} \\color{black} &amp; \\text{; From (1,2,3)}\n\n\\end{array}<\/span>\n<p>\nWith this, we have step by step covered the fundamental derivatives that every student must master: from basic algebraic functions to the main transcendental functions such as trigonometric functions and the natural logarithm. By mastering these proofs, you will be able to apply the rules of differentiation and understand their origin and formal justification. This knowledge forms the foundation for confidently tackling more complex problems that require a precise analysis of change.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Derivatives of Polynomials, Trigonometric and Logarithmic Functions The derivative is a central tool in differential calculus, with fundamental applications in science, engineering, and economics. This article offers a progressive guide to mastering the differentiation of functions, from polynomials to trigonometric and logarithmic functions. Through demonstrations and concrete examples, it aims to foster an understanding of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":33155,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"iawp_total_views":21,"footnotes":""},"categories":[854,567],"tags":[],"citadela-post-location":[],"class_list":["post-33352","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-differential-calculus","category-mathematics"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Derivatives of Polynomial, Trigonometric, and Logarithmic Functions - toposuranos.com\/material<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn step by step how to differentiate algebraic, trigonometric, and logarithmic functions with examples, clear proofs, and effective techniques.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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