{"id":30813,"date":"2021-04-26T13:00:10","date_gmt":"2021-04-26T13:00:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/?p=30813"},"modified":"2025-01-02T00:17:04","modified_gmt":"2025-01-02T00:17:04","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%b2%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%86\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\n\tp, ul, ol {\n\t\ttext-align: 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allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><br \/>\n<\/center><\/p>\n<p>\n\t\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u00bb.<br \/>\n\t\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0642 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f (\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641) \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a:<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/h3>\n<p>\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ch1bjhU7k70&amp;t=362s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><br \/>\n\t\t<strong>\u0644\u0646\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646<\/strong><br \/>\n\t<\/a><br \/>\n\t\u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629.<br \/>\n\t\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 <strong>\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646<\/strong> \u0623\u0648 <strong>\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/strong>.<br \/>\n\t\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647.<br \/>\n\t\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644.<br \/>\n\t\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/strong>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\Omega=1<\/span><\/span>.<br \/>\n\t\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">E<\/span><\/span>.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t<em><br \/>\n\t\t\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644.<br \/>\n\t<\/em>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\varepsilon<\/span><\/span>\u060c<br \/>\n\t\u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">E - \\epsilon<\/span><\/span>.<br \/>\n\t\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645<br \/>\n\t<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/strong>.\n<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"2\"><\/a> <\/p>\n<h2>\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/h2>\n<p>\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ch1bjhU7k70&amp;t=528s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><br \/>\n\t\t<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">P(\\epsilon)<\/span><\/span> \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<\/strong><br \/>\n\t<\/a><br \/>\n\t\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\epsilon<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n\t\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645.<br \/>\n\t\u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649:\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">P(\\epsilon)\\propto \\Omega(E-\\epsilon)\\cdot 1<\/span>.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0645<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\Omega<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n\t\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644:\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\frac{1}{k_B T} = \\frac{d\\ln\\Omega}{dE}<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\epsilon \\ll E<\/span><\/span>\u060c<br \/>\n\t\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0640<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\ln\\Omega(E-\\epsilon)<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n\t\u062d\u0648\u0644<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\epsilon = 0<\/span><\/span>.<br \/>\n\t\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649:\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\ln\\Omega(E-\\epsilon) = \\ln\\Omega(E) - \\frac{d\\ln\\Omega(E)}{dE}\\epsilon + \\cdots<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649:\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\ln\\Omega(E-\\epsilon) = \\ln\\Omega(E) - \\frac{\\epsilon}{k_B T} + \\cdots<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\u062d\u064a\u062b<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">T<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n\t\u0647\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631.<br \/>\n\t\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629:\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\ln \\Omega(E-\\epsilon) \\approx \\ln\\Omega(E) - \\displaystyle \\frac{\\epsilon}{k_B T}<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0633\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649:\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\Omega(E-\\epsilon) \\approx \\Omega(E) e^{-\\displaystyle \\frac{\\epsilon}{k_B T}}<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">P(\\epsilon)<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n\t\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0646:\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">P(\\epsilon)\\propto e^{-\\epsilon\/(k_B T)}<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">T<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n\t\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\epsilon<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n\t\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645<br \/>\n\t<strong>\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/strong>\u060c \u0623\u0648<br \/>\n\t<strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/strong><br \/>\n\t\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">e^{-\\epsilon\/(k_B T)}<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n\t\u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645<br \/>\n\t<strong>\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646.<\/strong>\n<\/p>\n<h3>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645<\/h3>\n<p>\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ch1bjhU7k70&amp;t=890s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><br \/>\n\t\t<strong>\u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0623\u0646\u0627<\/strong><br \/>\n\t<\/a><br \/>\n\t\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">T<\/span><\/span>.<br \/>\n\t\u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\epsilon<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n\t\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">k_B T<\/span><\/span>\u060c<br \/>\n\t\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649.<br \/>\n\t\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639.<br \/>\n\t\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u064f\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">r<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n\t\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">E_r<\/span><\/span>\u060c<br \/>\n\t\u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649:\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">P({microestado\\;}r)= \\displaystyle \\frac{e^{-E_r\/(k_B T)}}{\\displaystyle \\sum_{i}e^{-E_i\/(k_B T)}}<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0640<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">P<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n\t\u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645<br \/>\n\t<strong>\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645<\/strong><br \/>\n\t\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0640<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">Z<\/span><\/span>.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">Z = \\displaystyle \\sum_i e^{-E_i\/(k_B T)}<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p><center><iframe class=\"lazyload\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/lDtYzvXiNb4\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"3\"><\/a> <\/p>\n<h2>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/h2>\n<p>\n\t\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629.<br \/>\n\t\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u062f\u0623\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\beta<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n\t\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629:\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\beta =\\displaystyle  \\frac{1}{k_B T}<\/span>,<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629:\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\beta = \\displaystyle \\frac{d\\ln\\Omega}{dE}<\/span>,<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646<\/h4>\n<p>\n\t\u0644\u0646\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646:<br \/>\n\t\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">0<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n\t\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\epsilon\\gt 0<\/span>.<\/span><br \/>\n\t\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u061f\n<\/p>\n<h4>\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\n\t\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629.<br \/>\n\t\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a.<br \/>\n\t\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a \u0643\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639.<br \/>\n\t\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u061f\n<\/p>\n<h4>\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631! \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/h4>\n<p>\n\t\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">E_{act}<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n\t\u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">1\/2 [eV]<\/span>.<\/span><br \/>\n\t\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">T=300[K]<\/span>,<\/span><br \/>\n\t\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639:\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">e^{-E_{act}\/(k_B T)}<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\">10[K]\u061f<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p><center><iframe class=\"lazyload\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Pmthx9bQdO0\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"4\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/h2>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\n\t\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">N<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n\t\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">0<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n\t\u0623\u0648<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\Delta<\/span>.<\/span><br \/>\n\t\u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\Omega(E)<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n\t\u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">E=r\\Delta<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n\t(\u062d\u064a\u062b<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">r<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n\t\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d) \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\Omega(E) =\\displaystyle \\frac{N!}{r!(N-r)!}<\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0642\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">s\\Delta<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n\t\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">s\\ll r<\/span>.<\/span><br \/>\n\t\u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646:\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\Omega(E-\\epsilon) \\approx \\Omega(E)\\displaystyle \\frac{r^s}{(N-r)^s} <\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629:\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\frac{1}{k_B T}  = \\frac{1}{\\Delta}\\ln \\left(\\frac{N-r}{r} \\right) <\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\t\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">k_B T<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n\t\u0643\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0640<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">r<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n\t\u0645\u0646<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">r=0<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n\t\u0625\u0644\u0649<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">r=N<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n\t\u0648\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li>\n<p>\n\t\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">2[eV]<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n\t\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629.\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\ta) \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\Omega<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n\t\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u061f\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tb) \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 FM<br \/>\n\t(\u0628\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">100[MHz]<\/span><\/span>).<br \/>\n\t\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 FM. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629:<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">E=hf<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n\t\u062d\u064a\u062b<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">f<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n\t\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0648<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">h=4,135\\;667\\;696 \\cdot 10^{-15}[eV \\cdot s]<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n\t\u0647\u064a \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643.\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<p><\/p>\n<li>\n<p>\n\t\u0627\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\lt{E}\\gt<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n\t\u0644\u0640:\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\ta) \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">n<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n\t\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">0, \\epsilon, 2\\epsilon, 3\\epsilon, \\cdots , n\\epsilon<\/span>.<\/span>\n<\/p>\n<p>\n\tb) \u0645\u062a\u0630\u0628\u0630\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a<br \/>\n\t<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">0, \\epsilon, 2\\epsilon, 3\\epsilon, \\cdots <\/span><\/span><br \/>\n\t(\u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649).\n<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1YU3OV7gGxLo-mINPLSMcSc0U7ki3zaqX\/view?usp=sharing\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><br \/>\n\t<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/strong><br \/>\n<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629. \u0633\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0636\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 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