{"id":30806,"date":"2021-04-26T13:00:15","date_gmt":"2021-04-26T13:00:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/?p=30806"},"modified":"2025-01-01T23:51:13","modified_gmt":"2025-01-01T23:51:13","slug":"%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%88%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%8f%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82-%e0%a4%ac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%88%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%8f%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82-%e0%a4%ac\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0915\u0948\u0928\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u090f\u0928\u094d\u0938\u0947\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u094d\u091c\u093c\u092e\u0948\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\n\tp, ul, ol {\n\t\ttext-align: justify;\n\t}\n\th1, h2 {\n\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t}\n<\/style>\n<h1>\u0915\u0948\u0928\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u090f\u0928\u094d\u0938\u0947\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u094d\u091c\u093c\u092e\u0948\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\">\u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 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href=\"https:\/\/hi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B9_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8\" rel=\"noopener, nofollow, noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0917\u093f\u092c\u094d\u0938<\/a> \u0928\u0947 1878 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u00ab\u090f\u0928\u094d\u0938\u0947\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0932\u00bb \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u092a\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940: \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0908 \u00ab\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902\u00bb \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0928\u094d\u0938\u0947\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0915\u0948\u0928\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u090f\u0928\u094d\u0938\u0947\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0932:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0948\u0928\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u090f\u0928\u094d\u0938\u0947\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0932:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0939\u092e \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0948\u0928\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u090f\u0928\u094d\u0938\u0947\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0932:<\/strong> \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 (\u0915\u0923) \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u0935 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>\u0915\u0948\u0928\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u090f\u0928\u094d\u0938\u0947\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0932<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ch1bjhU7k70&amp;t=362s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u0906\u0907\u090f \u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong><\/a>, \u091c\u094b \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u092e \u0907\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930, \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924<\/strong> \u092f\u093e <strong>\u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0939\u092e \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947\u0964 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0928: \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e, \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a, \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u092e <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0939\u092e \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\Omega=1.<\/span> \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924, \u0939\u092e \u092f\u0941\u0917\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094b <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">E.<\/span> \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p><em>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0939\u092e \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u0941\u0915\u0947\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0915\u0948\u0928\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u090f\u0928\u094d\u0938\u0947\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\varepsilon<\/span> \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">E - \\varepsilon<\/span> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094b <strong>\u0915\u0948\u0928\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u090f\u0928\u094d\u0938\u0947\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0932<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"2\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u092c\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u094d\u091c\u093c\u092e\u0948\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ch1bjhU7k70&amp;t=528s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">P(\\varepsilon)<\/span><\/strong><\/a>, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\varepsilon<\/span> \u0939\u0948, \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0932\u092d \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0932\u092d \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0928\u092b\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u093e\u0928\u0940:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">P(\\varepsilon)\\propto \\Omega(E-\\varepsilon)\\cdot 1.<\/span>\n<p>\u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e, \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\Omega<\/span> \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0949\u0917\u0930\u093f\u0926\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\frac{1}{k_B T} = \\frac{d\\ln\\Omega}{dE}<\/span>\n<p>\u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0942\u0902\u0915\u093f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\varepsilon \\ll E,<\/span> \u0939\u092e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\ln\\Omega(E-\\varepsilon)<\/span> \u0915\u093e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\varepsilon = 0<\/span> \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0938\u092a\u093e\u0938 \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0930 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\ln\\Omega(E-\\varepsilon) = \\ln\\Omega(E) - \\frac{d\\ln\\Omega(E)}{dE}\\varepsilon + \\cdots<\/span>\n<p>\u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f, \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\ln\\Omega(E-\\varepsilon) = \\ln\\Omega(E) - \\frac{\\varepsilon}{k_B T} + \\cdots<\/span>\n<p>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">T<\/span> \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u092a\u0930, \u0939\u092e \u091f\u0947\u0932\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u091c\u0930\u0905\u0902\u0926\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\ln \\Omega(E-\\varepsilon) \\approx \\ln\\Omega(E) - \\displaystyle \\frac{\\varepsilon}{k_B T}<\/span>\n<p>\u0907\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\Omega(E-\\varepsilon) \\approx \\Omega(E) e^{-\\displaystyle \\frac{\\varepsilon}{k_B T}}<\/span>\n<p>\u0905\u092c, \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0939\u092e \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">P(\\varepsilon)<\/span> \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0939\u092e \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">P(\\varepsilon)\\propto e^{-\\varepsilon\/(k_B T)}<\/span>\n<p>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">T<\/span> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\varepsilon<\/span> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948; \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f, \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 <strong>\u092c\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u094d\u091c\u093c\u092e\u0948\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u092f\u093e <strong>\u0915\u0948\u0928\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0915\u0948\u0928\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u090f\u0928\u094d\u0938\u0947\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">e^{-\\varepsilon\/(k_B T)}<\/span> \u0915\u094b <strong>\u092c\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u094d\u091c\u093c\u092e\u0948\u0928 \u092b\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<h3>\u092c\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u094d\u091c\u093c\u092e\u0948\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928<\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ch1bjhU7k70&amp;t=890s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u0907\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947, \u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/strong><\/a> \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940, \u091c\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0924\u092c \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">T<\/span> \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">k_B T<\/span> \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\varepsilon<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092c\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u094d\u091c\u093c\u092e\u0948\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0918\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0918\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0916\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948; \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u0902\u0921\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">E_r<\/span> \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">r<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0939\u092e \u092a\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">P({microstate\\;}r)= \\displaystyle \\frac{e^{-E_r\/(k_B T)}}{\\displaystyle \\sum_{i}e^{-E_i\/(k_B T)}}<\/span>\n<p>\u0939\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f, \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901, \u0939\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094d\u092f \u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b <strong>\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u0928 \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0947 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">Z<\/span> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">Z = \\displaystyle \\sum_i e^{-E_i\/(k_B T)}<\/span>\n<p><center><iframe class=\"lazyload\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/lDtYzvXiNb4\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"3\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u092c\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u094d\u091c\u093c\u092e\u0948\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/h2>\n<p>\u0915\u0948\u0928\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u090f\u0928\u094d\u0938\u0947\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u094d\u091c\u093c\u092e\u0948\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0939\u092e \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947, \u0939\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\beta<\/span> \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\beta =\\displaystyle  \\frac{1}{k_B T},<\/span>\n<p>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930, \u0939\u092e \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u0916 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\beta = \\displaystyle \\frac{d\\ln\\Omega}{dE},<\/span>\n<h4>\u0938\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092b \u0926\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/h4>\n<p>\u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u093e \u0938\u094b\u091a\u0947\u0902: \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0926\u094b \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u2014\u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">0<\/span> \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\varepsilon\\gt 0.<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940?<\/p>\n<h4>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/h4>\n<p>\u0935\u093e\u092f\u0941\u092e\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0930\u0932\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0917\u0932\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f: \u0907\u0938 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924, \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u090a\u0901\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u094b \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/p>\n<h4>\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092b\u094b\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0916\u0924\u0930\u093e! \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927<\/h4>\n<p>\u0915\u0908 \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u0923 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">E_{act}<\/span> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">1\/2 [eV]<\/span> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">T=300[K],<\/span> \u092f\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u0915\u092e\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930, \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">e^{-E_{act}\/(k_B T)}<\/span>\n<p>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 10[K] \u092c\u0922\u093c \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e?<\/p>\n<p><center><iframe class=\"lazyload\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Pmthx9bQdO0\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"4\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938<\/h2>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify; color:#000000;\">\n<li>\u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">N<\/span> \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">0<\/span> \u092f\u093e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\Delta<\/span> \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">E=r\\Delta<\/span> (\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">r<\/span> \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0939\u0948) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\Omega(E)<\/span> \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948:\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\Omega(E) =\\displaystyle \\frac{N!}{r!(N-r)!}<\/span>\n<p>\u0905\u092c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0947 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">s\\Delta<\/span> \u0915\u0940 \u0925\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0939\u091f\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">s\\ll r.<\/span> \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0915\u093f:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\Omega(E-\\varepsilon) \\approx \\Omega(E)\\displaystyle \\frac{r^s}{(N-r)^s} <\/span>\n<p>\u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\frac{1}{k_B T}  = \\frac{1}{\\Delta}\\ln \\left(\\frac{N-r}{r} \\right) <\/span>\n<span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">r=0<\/span> \u0938\u0947 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">r=N<\/span> \u0924\u0915 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">k_B T<\/span> \u0915\u0947 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">r<\/span> \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964\n<\/li>\n<p><\/br><\/p>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u090f\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">2[eV]<\/span> \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u092e\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">a) \u092e\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u093f\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\Omega<\/span> \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u093e \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948? <\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">b) FM \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u090f\u0902\u091f\u0940\u0928\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 (\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">100[MHz]<\/span> \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925)\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924, \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u091c\u092c \u0905\u0935\u0936\u094b\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u092b\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 FM \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0964 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">E=hf<\/span> \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">f<\/span> \u0924\u0930\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">h=4,135\\;667\\;696 \\cdot 10^{-15}[eV \\cdot s]<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<p><\/br><\/p>\n<li>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\lt{E}\\gt<\/span> \u0916\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0902:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">a) <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">n<\/span> \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">0, \\varepsilon, 2\\varepsilon, 3\\varepsilon, \\cdots , n\\varepsilon.<\/span> \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">b) \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0902\u091c\u0938\u094d\u092f\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0926\u094b\u0932\u0928\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">0, \\varepsilon, 2\\varepsilon, 3\\varepsilon, \\cdots <\/span> (\u0915\u094b\u0908 \u090a\u092a\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902) \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/drive.google.com\/file\/d\/1YU3OV7gGxLo-mINPLSMcSc0U7ki3zaqX\/view?usp=sharing\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>\u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0935\u094d\u0939\u093e\u0907\u091f\u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0915\u0948\u0928\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u090f\u0928\u094d\u0938\u0947\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u094d\u091c\u093c\u092e\u0948\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u093e\u0920 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0939\u092e \u0915\u0948\u0928\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u090f\u0928\u094d\u0938\u0947\u092e\u094d\u092c\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094b\u0932\u094d\u091f\u094d\u091c\u093c\u092e\u0948\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u091c\u094b \u0930\u093e\u0938\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":30796,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"iawp_total_views":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[927,643],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30806","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-927","category-643"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0915\u0948\u0928\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932 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