{"id":29130,"date":"2021-03-09T13:00:51","date_gmt":"2021-03-09T13:00:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/?p=29130"},"modified":"2024-12-30T07:46:41","modified_gmt":"2024-12-30T07:46:41","slug":"%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%a1%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%a1%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%a6%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b5\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e, \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u094b\u0902"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><center><\/p>\n<h1>\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e, \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u0939\u0928 \u091a\u0930<\/h1>\n<p><\/center><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em><strong>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0936:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a 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\u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=aFNvauKaF4o&amp;t=95s\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e<\/strong><\/a> \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 <a href=\"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/mol-y-masa-molar\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>\u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/a> \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0923 \u0924\u094b\u092a \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 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\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e?<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947-\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u092e \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0932\u0917\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u092c\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u091d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0923 \u0906\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u092f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092a\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0915\u0923 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u092c\u0932 \u0909\u0924\u093e\u0930-\u091a\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u0939 \u00ab\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0924\u00bb \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0914\u0938\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0909\u0924\u093e\u0930-\u091a\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0939\u092e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092c\u0932 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0924\u093e\u0930-\u091a\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0939\u0940\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=aFNvauKaF4o&amp;t=280s\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>\u091a\u0942\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092c\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0938\u092e\u091d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">{A}<\/span> \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092c\u0932 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vec{F}<\/span> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">P<\/span> \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\color{blue}{\\displaystyle P = \\lim_{A\\to\\infty} \\frac{\\vec{F}\\cdot \\hat{n}}{A}}<\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\hat{n}<\/span> \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><center><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-8uSlbm03nEI\/YEfJFN4Gs-I\/AAAAAAAAEsY\/8szyQpVpGF0fy7u-7AU1BesRgwdvlRhMwCLcBGAsYHQ\/s438\/presion.PNG\" alt=\"\u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-8uSlbm03nEI\/YEfJFN4Gs-I\/AAAAAAAAEsY\/8szyQpVpGF0fy7u-7AU1BesRgwdvlRhMwCLcBGAsYHQ\/s438\/presion.PNG\" alt=\"\u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" \/><\/noscript><\/center><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:justify;\">\u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle P = \\frac{F}{A}<\/span>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u092e\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092a\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948; \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924, \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u093e\u0930-\u091a\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u092c \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u0917\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0939\u092e \u0909\u0938 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0932\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0924\u093e\u0930-\u091a\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"2\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=aFNvauKaF4o&amp;t=532s\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0939\u092e \u0915\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0928\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u091a\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0905\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902,<\/strong><\/a> \u0939\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u091c\u092c \u0935\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u0947 \u0909\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0932 \u0921\u093e\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u092c\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0939\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0935\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u092e \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902: \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u0930 \u092b\u0948\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0932\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0928\u0930 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0939\u094b, \u0924\u094b \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u093e\u0930-\u091a\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0921\u093c \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948; \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0901\u0915\u093f, \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0924\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0907\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0924\u093e\u0930-\u091a\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u00ab\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947\u00bb \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"3\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0939\u0928 \u091a\u0930<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=aFNvauKaF4o&amp;t=619s\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0928\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e<\/strong><\/a> <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">V<\/span> \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">T<\/span> \u0939\u0948, \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">P<\/span> \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u091c \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">U<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u092c \u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0928\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0915 \u0930\u0916 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0924\u092c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">V^*<\/span> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle V^* = \\frac{V}{2}<\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u091c \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">U^*<\/span> \u092d\u0940 \u0906\u0927\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle U^* = \\frac{U}{2}<\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0901\u0915\u093f, \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0940<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">P^* = P<\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">T^* = T<\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u092f\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0947\u0926 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u092e <strong>\u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u091a\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u092c \u0935\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092f\u093e \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e, \u0914\u0930 <strong>\u0917\u0939\u0928 \u091a\u0930\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0935\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u0947, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0964<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"4\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=aFNvauKaF4o&amp;t=786s\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>\u0910\u0924\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947, \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0908 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915<\/strong> \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935, \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u091f\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u093e\u0930-\u091a\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947, \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0917\u0948\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0907\u0928\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924<\/strong> <strong>\u0917\u0948\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0906\u0930\u0902\u092d \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093e\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0926 \u0925\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f, \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0947\u0939 \u0925\u093e, \u091c\u094b 19\u0935\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u0926\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0906 \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0928\u0947 <strong>\u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094b\u092a\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 <strong>\u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0941\u0906, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0902\u091f\u092e \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u091c\u094b \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u0939 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e, \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u0939\u0928 \u091a\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0936: \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092c\u0924\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u091f\u0915\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u092e\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u0932 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":29123,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"iawp_total_views":1,"footnotes":""},"categories":[927,897,643],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29130","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-927","category-897","category-643"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e, \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0930\u094b\u0902 - toposuranos.com\/material<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u091c\u092c 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