{"id":28660,"date":"2021-03-26T23:02:39","date_gmt":"2021-03-26T23:02:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/?p=28660"},"modified":"2024-12-24T03:58:11","modified_gmt":"2024-12-24T03:58:11","slug":"%d0%bc%d0%be%d0%bb%d1%8c-%d0%b8-%d0%bc%d0%be%d0%bb%d1%8f%d1%80%d0%bd%d0%b0%d1%8f-%d0%bc%d0%b0%d1%81%d1%81%d0%b0-%d0%b2-%d1%82%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%b8%d0%bd%d0%b0%d0%bc%d0%b8%d0%ba%d0%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/ru\/%d0%bc%d0%be%d0%bb%d1%8c-%d0%b8-%d0%bc%d0%be%d0%bb%d1%8f%d1%80%d0%bd%d0%b0%d1%8f-%d0%bc%d0%b0%d1%81%d1%81%d0%b0-%d0%b2-%d1%82%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%b8%d0%bd%d0%b0%d0%bc%d0%b8%d0%ba%d0%b5\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041c\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0435"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"text-align:center;\">\u041c\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u044e\u043c\u0435:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435. \u041e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446. \u041c\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0410\u0432\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0440\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><strong>\u0423\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041f\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong>, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446 \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0423\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong> \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0410\u0432\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0440\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446 \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong> \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0439, \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044c\u044e \u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0410\u0432\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0440\u043e.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong> \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0443.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><strong>\u0421\u041e\u0414\u0415\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"#1\">\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#2\">\u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#3\">\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044c?<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#4\">\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430?<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<p><center><iframe class=\"lazyload\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/c-EpWOSSQH8\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/center><br \/>\n<a name=\"1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u041d\u0430\u0448\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044e: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=c-EpWOSSQH8&amp;t=85s\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u00ab\u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439\u00bb<\/a><\/strong>. \u041f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u00ab\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430\u00bb. \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u00ab\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u00bb \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044b \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u044b \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u043b\u0435\u0434, \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044f, \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044f \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u00ab\u0422\u0415\u0420\u041c\u041e\u0414\u0418\u041d\u0410\u041c\u0418\u041a\u0410\u00bb, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=c-EpWOSSQH8&amp;t=292s\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>\u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446,<\/strong><\/a> \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"2\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u041d\u043e&#8230; \u0427\u0442\u043e \u043c\u044b \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u00ab\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u00bb? \u041c\u044b \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?client=firefox-b-d&amp;q=poblaci%C3%B3n+de+la+tierra\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0417\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0438<\/a> \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(6-7)\\cdot 10^9<\/span> \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a, \u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/cincodias.elpais.com\/cincodias\/2019\/11\/02\/economia\/1572730109_708795.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433 \u0421\u0428\u0410<\/a> \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">23 \\cdot 10^{12}<\/span> USD. \u041d\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0435. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442, \u043a \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0441\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">10^{20}<\/span> \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446, \u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=c-EpWOSSQH8&amp;t=402s\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>\u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043a\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c \u0430\u0437\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e<\/strong><\/a> <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">2\\cdot 10^{25}<\/span> \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">N_2<\/span>. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c 3GHz, \u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u044e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b, \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c, \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044b \u043a\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0430\u0437\u043e\u0442\u0430.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong>\u0422\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u044e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b, \u043e\u043d \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430. \u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\nt = \\dfrac{2\\cdot 10^{25}}{3\\cdot 10^9 \\left[\\dfrac{1}{s}\\right]} \\approx 6,\\overline{6} \\cdot 10^{15} [s]\n<\/span>\n<p>\u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043c\u044b \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 356 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c 24 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0430, \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441 3600 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u044b \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e 211,398,613.2 \u043b\u0435\u0442. \u041c\u044b \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043c 200 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n<p>\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b \u0438 \u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438, \u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0418\u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/limite-termodinamico-presion-y-variables-extensivas-e-intensivas\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b<\/a><\/strong> \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044f. \u041c\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"3\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044c?<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=c-EpWOSSQH8&amp;t=760s\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>\u041c\u043e\u043b\u044c \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e.<\/strong><\/a> \u0415\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u00ab\u0434\u044e\u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430\u00bb, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u044f\u0439\u0446\u0430 (1 \u0434\u044e\u0436\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0438\u0446 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e 12 \u044f\u0438\u0446). \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0441 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435. \u0415\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u043e\u043b\u044c<\/strong> \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432 12[g] <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">^{12}C<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u041c\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432 1[g] <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">^{1}H<\/span>, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0447\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0433\u0447\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d <strong>\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0443 \u0410\u0432\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0440\u043e<\/strong> <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">N_A<\/span> \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432. \u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0410\u0432\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0440\u043e, \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u044c\u043c\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\boxed{N_A = 6.022 \\cdot 10^{23}}<\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0410\u0432\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0440\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441 \u00ab\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438\u00bb \u043a\u0430\u043a <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">N_A = 6.022 \\cdot 10^{23} \\left[\\dfrac{1}{mol}\\right] <\/span> \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 (\u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438 [mol]).<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>1[mol] \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">6.022 \\cdot 10^{23}<\/span> \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430.<\/li>\n<li>1[mol] NaCl \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">6.022 \\cdot 10^{23}<\/span> \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b NaCl.<\/li>\n<li>1[mol] \u0441\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">6.022 \\cdot 10^{23}<\/span> \u0441\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><a name=\"4\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430?<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=c-EpWOSSQH8&amp;t=964s\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>\u041c\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.<\/strong><\/a> \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430-12 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 12[g], \u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u2014 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 18[g]. \u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">H_2 O = {}^{1}H + {}^{1}H + {}^{16}O<\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0422\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0439 8 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0438 8 \u043d\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432. \u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 18[g].<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=c-EpWOSSQH8&amp;t=1068s\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>\u0415\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b,<\/strong><\/a> \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-ESRV4m1EHMI\/YGTErvT1CDI\/AAAAAAAAExQ\/d1LGTs2jqyIlJ7sUBmKED36I2Lhdzm57ACLcBGAsYHQ\/s0\/2000px-Periodic_table_large-es-updated-2018.svg.png\" alt=\"\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\" class=\" aligncenter lazyload\" width=\"1148\" height=\"631\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-ESRV4m1EHMI\/YGTErvT1CDI\/AAAAAAAAExQ\/d1LGTs2jqyIlJ7sUBmKED36I2Lhdzm57ACLcBGAsYHQ\/s0\/2000px-Periodic_table_large-es-updated-2018.svg.png\" alt=\"\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\" class=\" aligncenter lazyload\" width=\"1148\" height=\"631\" \/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u044b \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043c \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b, \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0442 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">2\\cdot 1,00794 + 15,9994 [g]=18,01448[g]<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u041c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u044b (\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430) \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435, \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0410\u0432\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0440\u043e<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\textnormal{\u041c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u044b} = \\dfrac{\\textnormal{\u041c\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430}}{\\text{\u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0410\u0432\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0440\u043e}}<\/span>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041c\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0420\u0435\u0437\u044e\u043c\u0435: \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435. \u041e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446. \u041c\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0410\u0432\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0434\u0440\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b. \u0423\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u041f\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":28637,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"iawp_total_views":47,"footnotes":""},"categories":[929,645],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28660","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-929","category-645"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u041c\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0435 - toposuranos.com\/material<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041c\u043e\u043b\u044c \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f 6.022 x 10^23 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044b. \u041c\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/ru\/\u043c\u043e\u043b\u044c-\u0438-\u043c\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f-\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430-\u0432-\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0435\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u041c\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0435\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u041c\u043e\u043b\u044c \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f 6.022 x 10^23 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044b. \u041c\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" 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\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0435\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"\u041c\u043e\u043b\u044c \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f 6.022 x 10^23 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044b. \u041c\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/molmolarmas.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@topuranos\" 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