{"id":28658,"date":"2021-03-26T23:02:40","date_gmt":"2021-03-26T23:02:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/?p=28658"},"modified":"2024-12-24T03:57:50","modified_gmt":"2024-12-24T03:57:50","slug":"%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%a1%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b8-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%b2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%a1%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b8-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%8b%e0%a4%b2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094b\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0938"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 style=\"text-align:center;\">\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094b\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0938<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em><strong>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0936:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094b\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0908 \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092e\u094b\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0935\u094b\u0917\u0947\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><strong>\u0938\u0940\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0907\u0938 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u093f \u092e\u094b\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u090f\u0935\u094b\u0917\u0947\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u094b\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u092e\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0938, \u092e\u094b\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0935\u094b\u0917\u0947\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0938<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f-\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"#1\">\u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#2\">\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0928\u0902\u092c\u0930<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#3\">\u092e\u094b\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#4\">\u092e\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<p><center><iframe class=\"lazyload\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/c-EpWOSSQH8\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/center><br \/>\n<a name=\"1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u094b\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=c-EpWOSSQH8&amp;t=85s\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u00ab\u0939\u0930 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u00bb<\/a><\/strong>\u0964 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u00ab\u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915-\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947\u00bb \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u00ab\u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093e\u00bb \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u0947 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092c\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u0928 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u092a \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925\u0964 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0939\u092e \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u092f\u0939\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0902 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092d\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0935\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u091a\u0940\u091c\u093c \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0930\u094d\u092b \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u091a\u0940\u091c\u093c \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0947, \u0939\u091f\u093e\u090f \u092f\u093e \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u00ab\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u00bb \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=c-EpWOSSQH8&amp;t=292s\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0915\u0908 \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948,<\/strong><\/a> \u0907\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"2\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0928\u0902\u092c\u0930<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928&#8230; \u00ab\u0915\u0908 \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902\u00bb \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0924\u0932\u092c \u0939\u0948? \u0939\u092e \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0928\u0902\u092c\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?client=firefox-b-d&amp;q=poblaci%C3%B3n+de+la+tierra\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u092a\u0943\u0925\u094d\u0935\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u0928\u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/a> <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(6-7)\\cdot 10^9<\/span> \u0932\u094b\u0917, \u0914\u0930 <a href=\"https:\/\/cincodias.elpais.com\/cincodias\/2019\/11\/02\/economia\/1572730109_708795.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0930\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0935\u091c\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u090b\u0923<\/a> \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">23 \\cdot 10^{12}<\/span> USD \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092f\u0947 \u0928\u0902\u092c\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0932 \u092b\u093f\u091c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u092b\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0921\u093c \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">10^{20}<\/span> \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u094d\u092f \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0917\u0902\u092d\u0940\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0921\u093e\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=c-EpWOSSQH8&amp;t=402s\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>\u090f\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917<\/strong><\/a> <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">2\\cdot 10^{25}<\/span> <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">N_2<\/span> \u0905\u0923\u0941 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u0938\u0928\u0932 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 3GHz \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u0930 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0905\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093f\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e, \u0924\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u0907\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u0932\u094b\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093f\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0932\u0917\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928:<\/strong>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0915\u0902\u092a\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0905\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093f\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e, \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0923\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093f\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0917\u093f\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\nt = \\dfrac{2\\cdot 10^{25}}{3\\cdot 10^9 \\left[\\dfrac{1}{s}\\right]} \\approx 6,\\overline{6} \\cdot 10^{15} [s]\n<\/span>\n<p>\u0905\u092c, \u0939\u092e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0939\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 356 \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0939\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 24 \u0918\u0902\u091f\u0947, \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u0930 \u0918\u0902\u091f\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 3600 \u0938\u0947\u0915\u0902\u0921\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0905\u0917\u0930 \u0939\u092e \u0938\u0947\u0915\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 211,398,613.2 \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0942\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u092e 200 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093f\u092f\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0907\u0938 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0905\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093f\u0928\u0924\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0932\u0917\u0947\u0917\u093e, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0964 \u0905\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0907\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0903\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094b\u0902, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/limite-termodinamico-presion-y-variables-extensivas-e-intensivas\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e<\/a><\/strong> \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u092e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"3\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u092e\u094b\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=c-EpWOSSQH8&amp;t=760s\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>\u092e\u094b\u0932 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u091a\u0940\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0928\u093e\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/a> \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u00ab\u0926\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928\u00bb \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0906\u092a \u0905\u0902\u0921\u0947 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 (1 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0928 \u0905\u0902\u0921\u0947 12 \u0905\u0902\u0921\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902)\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u092e\u094b\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093e\u0932 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092a\u091f\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p>\u090f\u0915 <strong>\u092e\u094b\u0932<\/strong> \u0909\u0938 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0920\u0940\u0915 12[g] <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">^{12}C<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u092e\u094b\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0939\u0915\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0942\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0920\u0940\u0915 1[g] <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">^{1}H<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0938\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u090f\u0915 \u092e\u094b\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u090f\u0935\u094b\u0917\u0947\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/strong> <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">N_A<\/span> \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941\u0964 \u090f\u0935\u094b\u0917\u0947\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e, \u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0906\u0902\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925, \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\boxed{N_A = 6.022 \\cdot 10^{23}}<\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u090f\u0935\u094b\u0917\u0947\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u00ab\u0907\u0915\u093e\u0907\u092f\u094b\u0902\u00bb \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092d\u0940 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">N_A = 6.022 \\cdot 10^{23} \\left[\\dfrac{1}{mol}\\right] <\/span> \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092f\u093e\u0926 \u0926\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0939\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 [mol])\u0964<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"color: #008000;\"><strong>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<ul>\n<li>1[mol] \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">6.022 \\cdot 10^{23}<\/span> \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li>1[mol] NaCl \u092e\u0947\u0902 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">6.022 \\cdot 10^{23}<\/span> NaCl \u0905\u0923\u0941 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li>1[mol] \u0939\u093e\u0925\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">6.022 \\cdot 10^{23}<\/span> \u0939\u093e\u0925\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><a name=\"4\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u092e\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=c-EpWOSSQH8&amp;t=964s\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>\u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0938 \u0909\u0938 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u094b\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong><\/a> \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 12 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0938 12[g] \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0938 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 18[g] \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092e\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093e \u0909\u0928 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092f\u094c\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">H_2 O = {}^{1}H + {}^{1}H + {}^{16}O<\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924, \u0926\u094b \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u091c\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 8 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0914\u0930 8 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092e\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0938 18[g] \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=c-EpWOSSQH8&amp;t=1068s\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>\u090f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0948,<\/strong><\/a> \u091c\u094b \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u0949\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-ESRV4m1EHMI\/YGTErvT1CDI\/AAAAAAAAExQ\/d1LGTs2jqyIlJ7sUBmKED36I2Lhdzm57ACLcBGAsYHQ\/s0\/2000px-Periodic_table_large-es-updated-2018.svg.png\" alt=\"\u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940\" class=\" aligncenter lazyload\" width=\"1148\" height=\"631\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-ESRV4m1EHMI\/YGTErvT1CDI\/AAAAAAAAExQ\/d1LGTs2jqyIlJ7sUBmKED36I2Lhdzm57ACLcBGAsYHQ\/s0\/2000px-Periodic_table_large-es-updated-2018.svg.png\" alt=\"\u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940\" class=\" aligncenter lazyload\" width=\"1148\" height=\"631\" \/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0905\u0917\u0930 \u0939\u092e \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0902\u0915\u0921\u093c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0939\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u0932 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u093e\u0930 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">2\\cdot 1,00794 + 15,9994 [g]=18,01448[g]<\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f, \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0923 (\u0905\u0923\u0941 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0941) \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0935\u094b\u0917\u0947\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\textnormal{\u0915\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0938} = \\dfrac{\\textnormal{\u092e\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0938}}{\\text{\u090f\u0935\u094b\u0917\u0947\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e}}<\/span>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094b\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0938 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0936: \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094b\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u092c\u0924\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0908 \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093f\u0915\u0940\u092f \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092e\u094b\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0935\u094b\u0917\u0947\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":28637,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"iawp_total_views":10,"footnotes":""},"categories":[927,643],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28658","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-927","category-643"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0925\u0930\u094d\u092e\u094b\u0921\u093e\u092f\u0928\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094b\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u0932\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0938 - toposuranos.com\/material<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u092e\u094b\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b 6.022 x 10^23 \u0915\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, 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