{"id":27760,"date":"2021-10-22T13:00:26","date_gmt":"2021-10-22T13:00:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/?p=27760"},"modified":"2024-08-11T20:15:10","modified_gmt":"2024-08-11T20:15:10","slug":"%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%82\/","title":{"rendered":"\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938: \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092c \u0915\u0941\u091b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><center><\/p>\n<h1>\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938: \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092c \u0915\u0941\u091b<\/h1>\n<p><em><strong>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0936:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 (\u0905\u092d\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0915), \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941-\u091b\u0935\u093f \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u091d \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u090f, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0907\u0938 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u0924\u0915, \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align:left;\">\n<li><strong>\u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0932 \u092a\u0949\u0907\u0902\u091f \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941-\u091b\u0935\u093f \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0924\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0914\u0930 \u091b\u0935\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u091b\u0935\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e<\/strong> \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f-\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"#1\">\u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#2\">\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#3\">\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#4\">\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#5\">\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#6\">\u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938<\/a><br \/>\n<\/center><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=QLn3Ml-Mrng&amp;t=137s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938,<\/span><\/strong><\/a> \u0926\u0930\u094d\u092a\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925, \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0926\u094b \u0917\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0938 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0947 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p><center><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEg7unooQ_wxtWDSCBGloGkESSCipu1eXSsKSP7GDD5Ml4X2pkxZrsCcf4QaDdMVlQyanvVs14N2JNyyDBQNMlFJeha_Ezta0ffo_0ayyQzEi__H1BKAa_2RCJJTunRomWHOozGV5S4eots7dpRsQStGG9qoiEK8rrtU2IihiEMmyS7mMVw1Vcb54KVI8g\" width=\"455\" height=\"366\" alt=\"\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938\" class=\"alignnone size-full lazyload\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEg7unooQ_wxtWDSCBGloGkESSCipu1eXSsKSP7GDD5Ml4X2pkxZrsCcf4QaDdMVlQyanvVs14N2JNyyDBQNMlFJeha_Ezta0ffo_0ayyQzEi__H1BKAa_2RCJJTunRomWHOozGV5S4eots7dpRsQStGG9qoiEK8rrtU2IihiEMmyS7mMVw1Vcb54KVI8g\" width=\"455\" height=\"366\" alt=\"\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938\" class=\"alignnone size-full lazyload\" \/><\/noscript><\/center><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0924\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0917\u0923\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><center><iframe class=\"lazyload\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/QLn3Ml-Mrng\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"2\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=QLn3Ml-Mrng&amp;t=321s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938, \u0926\u0930\u094d\u092a\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939,<\/span><\/strong><\/a> \u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902: \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0915\u0964<\/p>\n<p><center><\/center><\/p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEh0PLkCTvVUlV2B0T4PY2ipA8hwHOyKg3FBZxKjH-x4K9hsI72_bZzkV97FwglcMi2YpndB7i-TSUjGnpcWmgQ-YD66EZlOuZkD8MaD6Bsvxzq8AO9IBUN3L_a2BJAEIoJEYv2wtaThEY1pUlL-OsQRMR8hfTc7_fxr9riBzH4WVsXf2goI6xxCmhKPsw\" width=\"384\" height=\"294\" alt=\"\u0905\u092d\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEh0PLkCTvVUlV2B0T4PY2ipA8hwHOyKg3FBZxKjH-x4K9hsI72_bZzkV97FwglcMi2YpndB7i-TSUjGnpcWmgQ-YD66EZlOuZkD8MaD6Bsvxzq8AO9IBUN3L_a2BJAEIoJEYv2wtaThEY1pUlL-OsQRMR8hfTc7_fxr9riBzH4WVsXf2goI6xxCmhKPsw\" width=\"384\" height=\"294\" alt=\"\u0905\u092d\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938\" \/><\/noscript> \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938<\/caption>\n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEjhz-x8M2Gh8zkKs0GDC5NFDr4UbWieeumfLilpyTIu_-4OM8wChs-mRLAfkhA0YTYX99OEWvY0vpDrw5z9CjytxhKnUxy5SYrZwbIq59Hs-jvPLydnGFOt9SNMr_SGHycnNR6cLgXgeKNNqT3B0F8LxqoQrJemvYhvqjEfGsNMFAEW-V9DVxtosf_neg\" width=\"386\" height=\"211\" alt=\"\u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"lazyload\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEjhz-x8M2Gh8zkKs0GDC5NFDr4UbWieeumfLilpyTIu_-4OM8wChs-mRLAfkhA0YTYX99OEWvY0vpDrw5z9CjytxhKnUxy5SYrZwbIq59Hs-jvPLydnGFOt9SNMr_SGHycnNR6cLgXgeKNNqT3B0F8LxqoQrJemvYhvqjEfGsNMFAEW-V9DVxtosf_neg\" width=\"386\" height=\"211\" alt=\"\u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938\" \/><\/noscript> \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938<\/caption>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">F_1<\/span><\/span> \u0914\u0930 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">F_2<\/span><\/span> \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0932 \u092a\u0949\u0907\u0902\u091f \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0914\u0930 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">f<\/span><\/span> \u0939\u0948 <strong>\u092b\u094b\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908\u0964<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0907\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0924\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0907\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0917\u0923\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"3\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=QLn3Ml-Mrng&amp;t=497s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0905\u0917\u0930 \u0939\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902,<\/span><\/strong><\/a> \u0924\u094b \u0939\u092e \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947:<\/p>\n<p><center><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEiaZBBNwYEXZsxfDEdwRFW-ryUPjItussuFx6RZZWsRxR1kXu-wW_Ns5F2KUdG8anzCHUUToJLMQPgqtM57eO4UcUD8H78minimIOvD8yUM78Zr1ykd81o1O7PNqidqh3LfJGwl62dZQTfzI9EwH7sQttwlwipe6hVAZFb9KqBTbA2y7_ZMJ5IeNHD6QA\" width=\"637\" height=\"353\" alt=\"\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941-\u091b\u0935\u093f \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\" class=\"alignnone lazyload\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEiaZBBNwYEXZsxfDEdwRFW-ryUPjItussuFx6RZZWsRxR1kXu-wW_Ns5F2KUdG8anzCHUUToJLMQPgqtM57eO4UcUD8H78minimIOvD8yUM78Zr1ykd81o1O7PNqidqh3LfJGwl62dZQTfzI9EwH7sQttwlwipe6hVAZFb9KqBTbA2y7_ZMJ5IeNHD6QA\" width=\"637\" height=\"353\" alt=\"\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941-\u091b\u0935\u093f \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\" class=\"alignnone lazyload\" \/><\/noscript><\/center>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u091a\u0942\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u0917\u090f \u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092d\u0941\u091c \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\begin{array}{rlr}\n\n&amp;\\displaystyle \\frac{y}{s} = -\\frac{y^\\prime}{s^\\prime} &amp; \\\\ \\\\\n\n\\equiv &amp; \\displaystyle \\color{blue}{\\frac{y^\\prime}{y} = -\\frac{s^\\prime}{s}} &amp; (\\triangle)\n\n\\end{array}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939,<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\begin{array}{rlr}\n\n&amp; \\displaystyle  \\frac{y}{f} = -\\frac{y^\\prime}{s^\\prime-f} &amp;  \\\\ \\\\\n\n\\equiv &amp; \\displaystyle \\color{blue}{\\frac{y^\\prime}{y} = -\\frac{s^\\prime-f}{f}} &amp; (\\star)\n\n\\end{array}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u092b\u093f\u0930, <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(\\triangle)<\/span><\/span> \u0914\u0930 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(\\star)<\/span><\/span> \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\begin{array}{rlr}\n\n&amp;\\displaystyle-\\frac{s^\\prime}{s} = -\\frac{s^\\prime-f}{f} &amp;  \\\\ \\\\\n\n\\equiv \\displaystyle &amp; \\frac{s^\\prime}{s} = \\frac{s^\\prime-f}{f} = \\frac{s^\\prime}{f} - 1 = \\frac{s^\\prime}{f} - \\frac{s^\\prime}{s^\\prime} &amp; \\\\ \\\\\n\n{} \\equiv &amp; \\displaystyle \\frac{s^\\prime}{s}+ \\frac{s^\\prime}{s^\\prime} = \\frac{s^\\prime}{f} &amp; \\\\ \\\\\n\n\\equiv &amp; \\displaystyle \\color{blue}{\\frac{1}{s}+ \\frac{1}{s^\\prime} = \\frac{1}{f}} &amp;\n\n\\end{array}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0909\u092a\u0930\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u092e <strong>\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941-\u091b\u0935\u093f \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\" \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939=\"\" \u0926\u0930\u094d\u092a\u0923\u094b\u0902=\"\" \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925=\"\" \u0915\u093e\u092e=\"\" \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947=\"\" \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a=\"\" \u092e\u0947\u0902,=\"\" \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924=\"\">\u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">m<\/span><\/span> \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\color{blue}{m=-\\frac{y^\\prime}{y}= - \\frac{s^\\prime}{s}}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"4\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=QLn3Ml-Mrng&amp;t=978s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0939\u092e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0926\u094b \u0917\u094b\u0932\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/strong><\/a> \u091c\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u091c\u092c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u094b \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0917\u0924 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930, \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p><center><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEhygh_mFDH99yumaDNCW3XtO0TKGWDJc1uLRFPCb2Q6hKL0bJo6GOFpB03jeMFHAX9_4E06j2RwBD4R_SecOhKo35QojZkTGzCkUwgp_R9yY6k0gQ7qGROcDcVja6jegTnOUYD-Krhb6iiwHIXrNh90jcMwf4M_082mTqGQb56nQyElN42iO_pg0dy-DA\" width=\"704\" height=\"216\" class=\"alignnone lazyload\" alt=\"\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEhygh_mFDH99yumaDNCW3XtO0TKGWDJc1uLRFPCb2Q6hKL0bJo6GOFpB03jeMFHAX9_4E06j2RwBD4R_SecOhKo35QojZkTGzCkUwgp_R9yY6k0gQ7qGROcDcVja6jegTnOUYD-Krhb6iiwHIXrNh90jcMwf4M_082mTqGQb56nQyElN42iO_pg0dy-DA\" width=\"704\" height=\"216\" class=\"alignnone lazyload\" alt=\"\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923\" \/><\/noscript><\/center><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0938\u0930\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n<p><center><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEi6FTZ9Y6F-hJUKjczKbnCeHFtXEpUg8us8DmK_OZCRVnwELmbBOKb_p4Zrf_s6h0cdlWJXQqRz4p2rAmVWQnJoLK7O5zRB97FdT_iATYs7Ny0CqWyyU4X0Ofh5BfB1KHNE7LYaOsG9YU-B1ocy4BGsWHlwfALeaStDYVK2UXxorT_ggCv80xGQ9zpG6A\" width=\"862\" height=\"317\" class=\"alignnone lazyload\" alt=\"\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEi6FTZ9Y6F-hJUKjczKbnCeHFtXEpUg8us8DmK_OZCRVnwELmbBOKb_p4Zrf_s6h0cdlWJXQqRz4p2rAmVWQnJoLK7O5zRB97FdT_iATYs7Ny0CqWyyU4X0Ofh5BfB1KHNE7LYaOsG9YU-B1ocy4BGsWHlwfALeaStDYVK2UXxorT_ggCv80xGQ9zpG6A\" width=\"862\" height=\"317\" class=\"alignnone lazyload\" alt=\"\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\" \/><\/noscript><\/center><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u091a\u0942\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0902), \u0939\u092e \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\"><strong>\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 a-b \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\frac{n_a}{s_a} + \\frac{n_b}{s_{ab}^\\prime} = \\frac{n_b - n_a}{R_c}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\"><strong>\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 b-c \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\frac{n_b}{s_{b}} + \\frac{n_c}{s_{bc}^\\prime} = \\frac{n_c - n_b}{R_a}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u092a\u0930, \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0939\u092e <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">n_a = n_c = n_{air}\\approx 1.0,<\/span><\/span> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">s_b = -s_{ab}^\\prime;<\/span><\/span> \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a, \u092f\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0917\u0947<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\begin{array}{rl}\n\n\\displaystyle \\frac{1}{s_a} + \\frac{n_b}{s_{ab}^\\prime} &amp; \\displaystyle = \\frac{n_b - 1}{R_c} \\\\ \\\\\n\n\\displaystyle -\\frac{n_b}{s_{ab}^\\prime} + \\frac{1}{s_{bc}^\\prime} &amp; \\displaystyle= \\frac{1-n_b}{R_a}\n\n\\end{array}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947, \u0905\u092c \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\begin{array}{rl}\n\n&amp;\\displaystyle \\frac{1}{s_a} + \\frac{1}{s_{bc}^\\prime} = \\frac{n_b-1}{R_c} + \\frac{1-n_b}{R_a} \\\\ \\\\\n\n\\equiv &amp; \\displaystyle \\frac{1}{s_a} + \\frac{1}{s_{bc}^\\prime} = (n_b -1) \\left( \\frac{1}{R_a} - \\frac{1}{R_c} \\right)\n\n\\end{array}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u092a\u0930, \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u091a\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0941\u0928: \u0928\u093e\u092e\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0915 \u0939\u0948; \u0939\u092e \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u093e\u092e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\begin{array}{ll}\n\ns_a = s &amp; R_a = R_1 \\\\ \\\\\n\ns_{bc}^\\prime = s^\\prime &amp; R_c =R_2 \\\\ \\\\\n\nn_b =n &amp;\n\n\\end{array}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0939\u092e \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u00ab\u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b\u00bb \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\n\\displaystyle \\frac{1}{s} + \\frac{1}{s^\\prime} = (n -1) \\left( \\frac{1}{R_1} - \\frac{1}{R_2} \\right)\n\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941-\u091b\u0935\u093f \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u091c\u094b \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0941\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0925\u093e, \u0939\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\n\\displaystyle \\color{blue}{\\frac{1}{f} = (n -1) \\left( \\frac{1}{R_1} - \\frac{1}{R_2} \\right)}\n\n<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u092f\u0939 \u0935\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u092e <strong>\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"5\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=QLn3Ml-Mrng&amp;t=1591s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f<\/span><\/strong><\/a> \u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0916\u0940\u0902\u091a\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u0948\u0902; \u092f\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u092a\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p><center><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEia8CpQNx2bWAqtwRIZHNcwK3w2WnxMgWC98tv9VmH4-XfBmHvxDZJ7wpZJciDFfCIqIDSN3xp4of9XV9ppTy8PY9AJ1oUUoGo57kMZb5GZhl4aqYzvc8pfYwaKJ07GB2XDMlwBknnUNmB1k_5uXfhmpVjZXrISt2sj_KkqzDZQ0_U5crTzrv_3l_QyvA\" width=\"576\" height=\"489\" class=\"alignnone lazyload\" alt=\"\u0905\u092d\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEia8CpQNx2bWAqtwRIZHNcwK3w2WnxMgWC98tv9VmH4-XfBmHvxDZJ7wpZJciDFfCIqIDSN3xp4of9XV9ppTy8PY9AJ1oUUoGo57kMZb5GZhl4aqYzvc8pfYwaKJ07GB2XDMlwBknnUNmB1k_5uXfhmpVjZXrISt2sj_KkqzDZQ0_U5crTzrv_3l_QyvA\" width=\"576\" height=\"489\" class=\"alignnone lazyload\" alt=\"\u0905\u092d\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901\" \/><\/noscript><\/center><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u092f\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p><center><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEggmEYClTymUmTSO0a8u5-I4jFIV9UFZNB_UC87-yD8ihh8WpKHcHtkQoyx23eCbfbbAFRh9BfsKVM-lsQDbug8KQKPZebKf6qKkXDeSPsSJCNxHE46VJqHO6A_LKxxdoAXLwk71TJMhLAMm6QRXy2-MqGjEOEHIGRMEgnMx1KFRc2g_s9y9D1O516kDw\" width=\"607\" height=\"685\" class=\"alignnone lazyload\" alt=\"\u0905\u092d\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/blogger.googleusercontent.com\/img\/a\/AVvXsEggmEYClTymUmTSO0a8u5-I4jFIV9UFZNB_UC87-yD8ihh8WpKHcHtkQoyx23eCbfbbAFRh9BfsKVM-lsQDbug8KQKPZebKf6qKkXDeSPsSJCNxHE46VJqHO6A_LKxxdoAXLwk71TJMhLAMm6QRXy2-MqGjEOEHIGRMEgnMx1KFRc2g_s9y9D1O516kDw\" width=\"607\" height=\"685\" class=\"alignnone lazyload\" alt=\"\u0905\u092d\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\" \/><\/noscript><\/center><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"6\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938:<\/h2>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\n<li>\u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0915 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0902\u0921\u0932 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u00ab\u0916\u0941\u0932\u0924\u093e\u00bb \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u0923 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0947 30[\u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940] \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0906\u092a \u0907\u0938 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u091a\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u0907\u092e\u0947\u091c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0947:\n<ol>\n<li type=\"a\">\u0909\u0938 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f, \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li type=\"a\">\u0907\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<li>7[\u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940] \u090a\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0908 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094b 13[\u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940] \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0908\u0902 \u0913\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 5[\u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940] \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092b\u094b\u0915\u0932 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e\u0908 2[\u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940] \u0939\u0948, \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u093e\u0908\u0902 \u0913\u0930 30[\u0938\u0947\u092e\u0940] \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u091d\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u091b\u0935\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<p><center><iframe class=\"lazyload\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/tUQxvRPZo_A\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938: \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092c \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0936: \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u091a\u092f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 (\u0905\u092d\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0915), \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941-\u091b\u0935\u093f \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":27751,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"iawp_total_views":3,"footnotes":""},"categories":[843,643],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27760","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-843","category-643"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938: \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092c \u0915\u0941\u091b - toposuranos.com\/material<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941-\u091b\u0935\u093f \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927, \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0964\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940-\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938-\u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940-\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938: \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092c \u0915\u0941\u091b\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941-\u091b\u0935\u093f \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927, \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0964\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940-\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938-\u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940-\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"toposuranos.com\/material\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/toposuranos\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-10-22T13:00:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-08-11T20:15:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/lentesdelgadas-1024x294.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"giorgio.reveco\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938: \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092c \u0915\u0941\u091b\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941-\u091b\u0935\u093f \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927, \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0964\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/lentesdelgadas.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@topuranos\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@topuranos\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"giorgio.reveco\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tiempo de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"1 minuto\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/hi\\\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%82\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/hi\\\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%82\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"giorgio.reveco\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e15164361c3f9a2a02cf6c234cf7fdc1\"},\"headline\":\"\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938: \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092c \u0915\u0941\u091b\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-10-22T13:00:26+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-08-11T20:15:10+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/hi\\\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%82\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":393,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/hi\\\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%82\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/lentesdelgadas.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940\",\"\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940\"],\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/hi\\\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%82\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/hi\\\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%82\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/hi\\\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%82\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938: \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092c \u0915\u0941\u091b - toposuranos.com\\\/material\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/hi\\\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%82\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/hi\\\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%82\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/lentesdelgadas.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-10-22T13:00:26+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-08-11T20:15:10+00:00\",\"description\":\"\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941-\u091b\u0935\u093f \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927, \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0964\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/hi\\\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%82\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/hi\\\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%82\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/hi\\\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%82\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/lentesdelgadas.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/08\\\/lentesdelgadas.jpg\",\"width\":1792,\"height\":514},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/hi\\\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%82\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Portada\",\"item\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/es\\\/cursos-de-matematica-y-fisica\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938: \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092c \u0915\u0941\u091b\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/\",\"name\":\"toposuranos.com\\\/material\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"es\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"toposuranos.com\\\/material\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/10\\\/logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/10\\\/logo.png\",\"width\":2400,\"height\":2059,\"caption\":\"toposuranos.com\\\/material\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/groups\\\/toposuranos\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/topuranos\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/channel\\\/UC16yDm12cPcrwsE0fAM7X1g\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/69429190\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e15164361c3f9a2a02cf6c234cf7fdc1\",\"name\":\"giorgio.reveco\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/10\\\/1694478625378-96x96.jpeg\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/10\\\/1694478625378-96x96.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/10\\\/1694478625378-96x96.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"giorgio.reveco\"},\"description\":\"Soy Licenciado en F\u00edsica, Magister en Ingenier\u00eda Industrial y Docente Universitario. Me dedico a desmitificar la f\u00edsica y las matem\u00e1ticas. Mi objetivo es hacer que estos campos sean f\u00e1cilmente comprensibles para todos, proporcionando las herramientas para explorar no solo el mundo que nos rodea, sino tambi\u00e9n las profundidades de nuestra propia existencia y el orden natural que nos conecta con el cosmos.\",\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/author\\\/giorgio-reveco\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938: \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092c \u0915\u0941\u091b - toposuranos.com\/material","description":"\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941-\u091b\u0935\u093f \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927, \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0964","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940-\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938-\u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940-\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902\/","og_locale":"es_ES","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938: \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092c \u0915\u0941\u091b","og_description":"\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941-\u091b\u0935\u093f \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927, \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0964","og_url":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940-\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938-\u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940-\u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902\/","og_site_name":"toposuranos.com\/material","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/toposuranos","article_published_time":"2021-10-22T13:00:26+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-08-11T20:15:10+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/lentesdelgadas-1024x294.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"giorgio.reveco","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_title":"\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938: \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092c \u0915\u0941\u091b","twitter_description":"\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941-\u091b\u0935\u093f \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927, \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0964","twitter_image":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/lentesdelgadas.jpg","twitter_creator":"@topuranos","twitter_site":"@topuranos","twitter_misc":{"Escrito por":"giorgio.reveco","Tiempo de lectura":"1 minuto"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%82\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%82\/"},"author":{"name":"giorgio.reveco","@id":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/#\/schema\/person\/e15164361c3f9a2a02cf6c234cf7fdc1"},"headline":"\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938: \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092c \u0915\u0941\u091b","datePublished":"2021-10-22T13:00:26+00:00","dateModified":"2024-08-11T20:15:10+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%82\/"},"wordCount":393,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%82\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/lentesdelgadas.jpg","articleSection":["\u091c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0915\u0940","\u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940"],"inLanguage":"es","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%82\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%82\/","url":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%82\/","name":"\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938: \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092c \u0915\u0941\u091b - toposuranos.com\/material","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%82\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%82\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/lentesdelgadas.jpg","datePublished":"2021-10-22T13:00:26+00:00","dateModified":"2024-08-11T20:15:10+00:00","description":"\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941-\u091b\u0935\u093f \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927, \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0964","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%82\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"es","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%82\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"es","@id":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%82\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/lentesdelgadas.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/lentesdelgadas.jpg","width":1792,"height":514},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b2%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82%e0%a4%b8-%e0%a4%89%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b6%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%b7%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%93%e0%a4%82\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Portada","item":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/es\/cursos-de-matematica-y-fisica\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0938: \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092c \u0915\u0941\u091b"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/#website","url":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/","name":"toposuranos.com\/material","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"es"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/#organization","name":"toposuranos.com\/material","url":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"es","@id":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/logo.png","contentUrl":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/logo.png","width":2400,"height":2059,"caption":"toposuranos.com\/material"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/toposuranos","https:\/\/x.com\/topuranos","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UC16yDm12cPcrwsE0fAM7X1g","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/69429190"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/#\/schema\/person\/e15164361c3f9a2a02cf6c234cf7fdc1","name":"giorgio.reveco","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"es","@id":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/1694478625378-96x96.jpeg","url":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/1694478625378-96x96.jpeg","contentUrl":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/1694478625378-96x96.jpeg","caption":"giorgio.reveco"},"description":"Soy Licenciado en F\u00edsica, Magister en Ingenier\u00eda Industrial y Docente Universitario. Me dedico a desmitificar la f\u00edsica y las matem\u00e1ticas. Mi objetivo es hacer que estos campos sean f\u00e1cilmente comprensibles para todos, proporcionando las herramientas para explorar no solo el mundo que nos rodea, sino tambi\u00e9n las profundidades de nuestra propia existencia y el orden natural que nos conecta con el cosmos.","sameAs":["http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material"],"url":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/author\/giorgio-reveco\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27760","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27760"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27760\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27751"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27760"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27760"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27760"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}