{"id":31091,"date":"2025-01-05T13:00:04","date_gmt":"2025-01-05T13:00:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/?p=31091"},"modified":"2025-01-06T04:16:22","modified_gmt":"2025-01-06T04:16:22","slug":"%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%88%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%85%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%9f%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%9c-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a6%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a7%e0%a4%be","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%97%e0%a5%88%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%85%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%9f%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%9c-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a6%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a7%e0%a4%be\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\np, ul, ol {\n    text-align: justify;\n}\nh1, h2, h3 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href=\"#2\">\u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#3\">\u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#4\">\u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#5\">\u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928: \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#6\">\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<p><center><iframe class=\"lazyload\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" 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\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935<\/h2>\n<p>\u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0932\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0938\u0948\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<h3>\u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e<\/h3>\n<p>\u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0938\u0947, \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0926\u0947\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">V(0) = 0<\/span> \u0939\u0948, \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924\u0932\u092c \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u0930\u0902\u091f\u0940 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0926\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0964 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947:<\/li>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\">\n       <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\forall V \\left[\\left(V(0) = 0\\right) \\rightarrow \\left(\\nexists t &gt; 0\\right) \\left(P(V(t) &gt; 0) = 1\\right)\\right]<\/span>\n    <\/p>\n<li>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (<span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">V(1) &gt; 0<\/span>) \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0915\u0947, \u0924\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0907\u0928 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0932\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0926\u0947\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924, \u0905\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0918\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0938\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u092c\u094d\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0910\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092e\u094c\u091c\u0942\u0926 \u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u092f\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0917\u093e\u0930\u0902\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924 \u092c\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<h3>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u092f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0926\u0941\u0930\u094d\u0932\u092d \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u092c \u0935\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0920\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0915\u094b\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0947\u091a\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0938\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u092f\u093e \u0935\u093e\u092f\u0926\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<h4>\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u091d\u0942\u0920\u093e \u0939\u094b?<\/h4>\n<h5>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935<\/h5>\n<p>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u091d\u0942\u0920\u093e \u0939\u094b, \u0924\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0927\u0928 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0928\u0947\u0924\u093e \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0924\u0930\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0940\u0935\u0930\u0947\u091c \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092a\u0942\u0902\u091c\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0928 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0909\u0920\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u091c \u0926\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921\u093f\u091f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a, \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0928\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0930\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092c\u0922\u093c \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u0906\u092e\u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0917\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0908 \u0907\u0928 \u0905\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0932\u0940\u0935\u0930\u0947\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947, \u0921\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092d\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u093e\u0935\u093e, \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u091c\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e \u0905\u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u0932\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0939\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u094b\u0917\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"3\"><\/a> <\/p>\n<h2>\u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/h2>\n<p>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<h3>\u0924\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c<\/h3>\n<p>\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0926\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0940, \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092f\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 A \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0902\u0926\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 B, \u092a\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 (GBP) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 (USD) \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f \u0926\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092f\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0940 A <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">d_A = 1,62\\,\\text{USD\/GBP}<\/span> \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u0932\u0902\u0926\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0940 B <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">d_B = 1,60\\,\\text{USD\/GBP}<\/span> \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u0947\u091a\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0939\u092e \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">t = 0<\/span> \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">V(0) = 0<\/span>\n<p>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0939\u092e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0909\u0920\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">1.600\\,\\text{USD}<\/span> \u0909\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">d_B=1,6\\,\\text{USD\/GBP}<\/span> \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u0902\u0926\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0940 B \u0938\u0947 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">1.000 \\, \\text{GBP}<\/span> \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u0947\u0902, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f:<br \/>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">1.000\\,\\text{GBP} \\cdot d_B = 1.000 \\text{GBP} \\cdot 1,6\\,\\dfrac{\\text{USD}}{\\text{GBP}}= 1.600\\,\\text{USD}<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092f\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0940 A \u0915\u094b \u0935\u0939\u0940 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">x = 1,000 \\, GBP<\/span> \u092c\u0947\u091a\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">1.620\\,\\text{USD}<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f:<br \/>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">1.000\\,\\text{GBP} = 1.000\\,\\text{GBP} \\cdot d_A = 1.000\\,\\text{GBP} \\cdot 1,62\\,\\dfrac{\\text{USD}}{\\text{GBP}} = 1.620\\,\\text{USD}<\/span>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u092f\u0939 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">1.600\\,\\text{USD}<\/span> \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">20\\,\\text{USD}<\/span> \u0915\u093e \u0932\u093e\u092d \u092c\u091a\u093e \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f, \u0935\u0939 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">V(0)=0<\/span> \u0925\u093e, \u0905\u092c \u090f\u0915 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">V(1) = 20\\,\\text{USD}<\/span> \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0902\u0918\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0907\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092a\u0942\u091b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092e\u0948\u0902 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">1.600 \\, \\text{USD}<\/span> \u0909\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">20 \\, \\text{USD}<\/span> \u0915\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0915\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0942\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u092e\u0941\u091d\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u090b\u0923 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0930\u094b\u0915 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948? \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092e\u0948\u0902 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">160.000 \\, \\text{USD}<\/span> \u0909\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0942\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u092e\u0948\u0902 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">2.000 \\, \\text{USD}<\/span> \u0915\u092e\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0942\u0902\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0906\u092a \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0915\u0908 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0915 \u092d\u0940 \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0939\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0940 B \u092a\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0940 A \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u092f\u0947 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0924\u0947\u091c\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u092f\u0939 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0915\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0917\u0947; \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0913\u0930, \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u0922\u093c \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u0932\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<h3>\u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c<\/h3>\n<p>\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0926\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0940, \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092f\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 A \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0902\u0926\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 B, \u092a\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 (GBP) \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 (USD) \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092f\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0940 A \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092c\u093e\u0926 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">d_A = 1,58\\,\\text{USD\/GBP}<\/span> \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0939\u092e\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u0932\u0902\u0926\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0940 B \u0906\u091c <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">d_B = 1,60\\,\\text{USD\/GBP}<\/span> \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u0947\u091a\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u093e\u0935\u093e, \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 4 % \u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u092a\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915 \u0916\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u092e\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b 6 % \u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u091c \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0939\u092e \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">t = 0<\/span> \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">V(0) = 0<\/span>\n<p>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0939\u092e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u091c \u0926\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0909\u0920\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">10.000\\,\\text{USD}<\/span> \u0909\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0940 B \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f \u0926\u0930 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">d_B = 1,60\\,\\text{USD\/GBP}<\/span> \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u092a\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e:<\/li>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">10.000\\,\\text{USD} \\div 1,60\\,\\dfrac{\\text{USD}}{\\text{GBP}} = 6.250\\,\\text{GBP}<\/span>\n<li>\u0907\u0928 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">6.250\\,\\text{GBP}<\/span> \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915 \u0916\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u094b 6 % \u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u091c \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u092a\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e:<\/li>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">6.250\\,\\text{GBP} \\cdot (1 + 0,06) = 6.625\\,\\text{GBP}<\/span>\n<li>\u0907\u0928 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">6.625\\,\\text{GBP}<\/span> \u0915\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0940 A \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0930 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">d_A = 1,58\\,\\text{USD\/GBP}<\/span> \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e:<\/li>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">6.625\\,\\text{GBP} \\cdot 1,58\\,\\dfrac{\\text{USD}}{\\text{GBP}} = 10.467,50\\,\\text{USD}<\/span>\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">10.000\\,\\text{USD}<\/span> \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 4 % \u092c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u091c \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e:<\/li>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">10.000\\,\\text{USD} \\cdot (1 + 0,04) = 10.400\\,\\text{USD}<\/span>\n<li>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u091a\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948:<\/li>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">10.467,50\\,\\text{USD} - 10.400\\,\\text{USD} = 67,50\\,\\text{USD}<\/span>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0907\u0938 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0935\u0939 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">V(0) = 0<\/span> \u0925\u093e, \u0905\u092c \u090f\u0915 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">V(1) = 67,50\\,\\text{USD}<\/span> \u0930\u0916\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938 \u0936\u0930\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093f \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0930 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">d_A = 1,58\\,\\text{USD\/GBP}<\/span> \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 1 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u092f\u0925\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092f\u0939 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f, <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">V(1) &gt; 0<\/span> \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0909\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f \u0926\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0930\u094b\u0902 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">d_A<\/span> \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0939 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u091c\u094b \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">d_A &gt; \\frac{10.400}{6.625} \\approx 1,57\\,\\text{USD\/GBP}<\/span>\n<p>\u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093e\u092d (<span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">V(1) &gt; 0<\/span>) \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f \u0926\u0930 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">1,57\\,\\text{USD\/GBP}<\/span> \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"4\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/h2>\n<p>\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u092f-\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0935\u0948\u0927\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0947\u091c\u093c \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u092f-\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u090f\u0915 \u0930\u094b\u091a\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f, \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u092f-\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f \u0926\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u094b, \u091c\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle P(V(1) &gt; 0) = \\int_{d_{\\text{m\u00edn}}}^{\\infty} P(d_A) \\, \\text{d}d_A<\/span>\n<p>\u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle E(V(1)) = \\int_{-\\infty}^{\\infty} V(1) \\cdot P(V(1)) \\, \\text{d}V(1)<\/span>\n<p>\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"5\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928: \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f<\/h2>\n<p>19 \u091c\u0941\u0932\u093e\u0908, 2002 \u0915\u094b, \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092f\u0949\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0940 A \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u0902\u0926\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0940 B \u0928\u0947 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b (EUR), \u092a\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 (GBP) \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092e\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 (USD) \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0926\u093e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940\u0902:<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0940 A<\/th>\n<th>\u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926<\/th>\n<th>\u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">1,000\\,\\text{EUR}<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">1,0202\\,\\text{USD}<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">1,0284\\,\\text{USD}<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">1,000\\,\\text{GBP}<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">1,5718\\,\\text{USD}<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">1,5844\\,\\text{USD}<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<table border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0940 B<\/th>\n<th>\u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926<\/th>\n<th>\u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">1,000\\,\\text{EUR}<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">0,6324\\,\\text{GBP}<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">0,6401\\,\\text{GBP}<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">1,000\\,\\text{USD}<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">0,6299\\,\\text{GBP}<\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">0,6375\\,\\text{GBP}<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092e\u092f \u0926\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p><center><iframe class=\"lazyload\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/dO5kHGA3sgI?si=Qu_BCgq0Jx2h93fe\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<h3>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/h3>\n<p>\u0907\u0938 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0916\u094b\u091c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u092e \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0926\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0939\u092e \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0928-\u0926\u0947\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0907\u0928 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0940 A \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\u20ac\\,1<\/span> \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u0939 \u0907\u0938\u0947 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\$\\,1,0202<\/span> \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0906\u092a <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\u20ac\\,1<\/span> \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u0939 \u0907\u0938\u0947 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\$\\,1.0284<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0947\u091a\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0907\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\begin{array}{rl}\n\n\\text{\u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u0928\u093e \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947:} &amp; {x_A}^{\\$} = {\\left[{\\tau_{A}}\\right]_{\u20ac}}^{\\$}x^{\u20ac}\\\\ \\\\\n\n\\text{\u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b \u092c\u0947\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947:} &amp; {x_A}^{\u20ac} = {\\left[{\\tau_{A}}\\right]_{\\$}}^{\u20ac}x^{\\$}\n\n\\end{array}<\/span>\n<p>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">x^{\\$}<\/span> \u0914\u0930 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">x^{\u20ac}<\/span> \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f \u0939\u0948\u0902, <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">{x_A}^{\\$}<\/span> \u0914\u0930 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">{x_A}^{\u20ac}<\/span> \u0935\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0940 A \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b \u092e\u0947\u0902), \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">{\\left[{\\tau_{A}}\\right]_{\u20ac}}^{\\$}= \\$\\,1,0202\/\u20ac<\/span> \u0914\u0930 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">{\\left[{\\tau_{A}}\\right]_{\\$}}^{\u20ac}=\u20ac\/\\$\\,1,0284<\/span> \u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939, \u0939\u092e \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0926\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<table border=\"1\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/th>\n<th>\u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926<\/th>\n<th>\u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0940 A (EUR\/USD)<\/th>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">{\\left[{\\tau_{A}}\\right]_{\u20ac}}^{\\$} = \\dfrac{\\$\\,1,0202}{\u20ac\\,1} <\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">{\\left[{\\tau_{A}}\\right]_{\\$}}^{\u20ac} = \\dfrac{\u20ac\\,1}{\\$\\,1,0284} <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0940 A (GBP\/USD)<\/th>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">{\\left[{\\tau_{A}}\\right]_{\u00a3}}^{\\$} = \\dfrac{\\$\\,1,5718}{\u00a3\\,1} <\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">{\\left[{\\tau_{A}}\\right]_{\\$}}^{\u00a3} = \\dfrac{\u00a3\\,1}{\\$\\,1,5844} <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0940 B (EUR\/GBP)<\/th>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">{\\left[{\\tau_{B}}\\right]_{\u20ac}}^{\u00a3} = \\dfrac{\u00a3\\,0,6324}{\u20ac\\,1} <\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">{\\left[{\\tau_{B}}\\right]_{\u00a3}}^{\u20ac} = \\dfrac{\u20ac\\,1}{\u00a3\\,0,6401} <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0940 B (USD\/GBP)<\/th>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">{\\left[{\\tau_{B}}\\right]_{\\$}}^{\u00a3} = \\dfrac{\u00a3\\,0,6299}{\\$\\,1} <\/span><\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">{\\left[{\\tau_{B}}\\right]_{\u00a3}}^{\\$} = \\dfrac{\\$\\,1}{\u00a3\\,0,6375} <\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923<\/h4>\n<p>\u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u0928\u0947, \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0947\u091a\u0928\u0947, \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926-\u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u0947\u0928-\u0926\u0947\u0928 \u0930\u0942\u092a\u093e\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938 \u0932\u094c\u091f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n<h4>\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/h4>\n<p>\u0939\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">x^{\\$}<\/span> \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0940 B \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">{x_B}^{\u00a3} = {\\left[{\\tau_{B}}\\right]_{\\$}}^{\u00a3}x^{\\$}<\/span> \u092a\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092b\u093f\u0930, \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0939\u092e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0940 A \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u0939 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u0915\u0930 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">{x_A}^{\\$} = {\\left[{\\tau_{A}}\\right]_{\u00a3}}^{\\$}{x_B}^{\u00a3} = {\\left[{\\tau_{A}}\\right]_{\u00a3}}^{\\$}{\\left[{\\tau_{B}}\\right]_{\\$}}^{\u00a3}x^{\\$}<\/span> \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\begin{array}{rl}\n\n{\\Delta_{AB}}(x^{\\$}) &amp;= {\\left[{\\tau_{A}}\\right]_{\u00a3}}^{\\$}{\\left[{\\tau_{B}}\\right]_{\\$}}^{\u00a3}x^{\\$} - x^{\\$} \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp;= \\left( {\\left[{\\tau_{A}}\\right]_{\u00a3}}^{\\$}{\\left[{\\tau_{B}}\\right]_{\\$}}^{\u00a3} - 1 \\right)x^{\\$} \\approx -0,00992 x^{\\$}\n\n\\end{array}<\/span>\n<p>\u092f\u0939 \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0947, \u0939\u092e \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0924\u092d\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u092d\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u091c\u092c \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0926\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0928\u092b\u0932 1 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u093e\u0935\u093e, \u0939\u092e \u0926\u0947\u0916 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926-\u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u094c\u091f\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926-\u092c\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u094b\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n<h4>\u0932\u093e\u092d\u0915\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923<\/h4>\n<p>\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> {[\\tau_B]_{\\$}}^{\u00a3} {[\\tau_A]_{\u20ac}}^{\\$} {[\\tau_B]_{\u00a3}}^{\u20ac} = \\dfrac{1}{0,6401} \\cdot 1,0202 \\cdot 0,6299 \\approx 1,00394<\/span>, \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u092e \u092a\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">{\\Delta_{BAB}}(x^{\u00a3}) = \\left({[\\tau_B]_{\\$}}^{\u00a3} {[\\tau_A]_{\u20ac}}^{\\$} {[\\tau_B]_{\u00a3}}^{\u20ac}-1 \\right)x^{\u00a3} \\approx 0,003943 x^{\u00a3} <\/span>\n<p>\u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0940 B \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u090f\u0915 \u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">x^{\u00a3}<\/span> \u092a\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0902, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0939 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b \u092c\u0947\u091a \u0938\u0915\u0947; \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u092f\u0942\u0930\u094b \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0940 A \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0902, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0939 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u092c\u0947\u091a \u0938\u0915\u0947; \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930\u0940 B \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0902, \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0935\u0939 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0921 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u0947\u091a \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0939\u092e \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\u00a3\\,10.000<\/span> \u0909\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u090b\u0923 \u091a\u0941\u0915\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917 \u092f\u0939 \u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">{\\Delta_{BAB}}(\u00a3\\,10.000) \\approx 0,003943 \\cdot  \u00a3\\,10.000 =  \u00a3\\,39,43<\/span>\n<p><a name=\"6\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/h2>\n<p>\u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0915\u0947 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\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0938\u0902\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0948\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u0947 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928, \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0921\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0935\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a, \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0947 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0939\u0924 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924 \u0938\u0948\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0925\u093e \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0915\u093f \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0932\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f 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\u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e\u0915\u093e\u091c \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u091d \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0935\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092d\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0924\u093e \u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0925\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0948\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0922\u093e\u0902\u091a\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923, \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0947\u0935\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093e\u092d \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0915\u093e\u0926\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u094b\u0927\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0939\u094c\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u0908 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u091c\u093e\u090a \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0936: \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u092e \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0905\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093f\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e\u091c \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u091c\u094b \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 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