{"id":30834,"date":"2021-06-18T13:00:02","date_gmt":"2021-06-18T13:00:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/?p=30834"},"modified":"2025-01-02T03:20:39","modified_gmt":"2025-01-02T03:20:39","slug":"%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3-%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf-%e0%a4%ab","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3-%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a5%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%bf-%e0%a4%ab\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\n    p, ul, ol {\n        text-align: justify;\n    }\n    h1, h2 {\n        text-align: center;\n    }\n<\/style>\n<h1>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928<\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em>\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964 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\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u091c\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0923\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923, \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><strong><u>\u0935\u093f\u0937\u092f \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940<\/u>:<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"#1\">\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#2\">\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u091a\u0930<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#3\">\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#4\">\u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<p><center><iframe class=\"lazyload\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ZXX3KAS5WKs\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<p>\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947, \u0939\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZXX3KAS5WKs&amp;t=115s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong><\/a> \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0938 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091a\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u092e \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0942\u0932 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0941\u0923 (\u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947: \u0926\u093e\u092c, \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928) \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0939\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0928\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0926\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0939\u092e \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u0942\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u0940\u092f \u0917\u0941\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 <strong>\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/strong> \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924, \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0905\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0915\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0928\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u091c\u094b \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"2\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u091a\u0930<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZXX3KAS5WKs&amp;t=115s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u091c\u092c \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/strong><\/a>, \u0924\u094b \u0939\u092e \u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902: \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0909\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u092e <strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928<\/strong> (\u0915\u092d\u0940-\u0915\u092d\u0940 <strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u091a\u0930<\/strong> \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948) \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092f\u0947 \u091a\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947\u0964 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0926\u093e\u092c<\/li>\n<li>\u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928<\/li>\n<li>\u0906\u092f\u0924\u0928<\/li>\n<li>\u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u091c\u094b \u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0939\u091c \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0940 \u0939\u0925\u0947\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0926\u094b \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 (\u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f) \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902: \u090f\u0915, \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947, \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u092a\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0917\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930; \u092f\u093e \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940, \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947, \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0925\u0947\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0930\u0964<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"3\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e<\/h2>\n<p>\u0907\u0928 \u0938\u0939\u091c \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u091d \u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u091b\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0935\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u0930 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vec{x}=(x_1, x_2, x_3, \\cdots)<\/span> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">f(\\vec{x})<\/span> \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0928 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vec{x}_i<\/span> \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u092e\u093e\u0928 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vec{x}_f<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">f<\/span> \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\Delta f = \\displaystyle \\int_{\\vec{x}_i}^{\\vec{x}_f}df = f(\\vec{x}_f) - f(\\vec{x}_i)<\/span>\n<p>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0918\u091f\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vec{x}<\/span> \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0924\u092c \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">df<\/span> \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0915\u0932\u0928<\/strong> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902; \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0915\u0932\u0928 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"4\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948<\/h2>\n<p>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903, \u0915\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0932\u0917\u092d\u0917, \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0922\u0942\u0901\u0922\u0928\u093e \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u0948 <a href=\"https:\/\/toposuranos.com\/la-ecuacion-de-los-gases-ideales\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923<\/a> <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">f(P,V,T)=0<\/span>, \u091c\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0932\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">f(P,V,T) = PV - nRT = 0<\/span>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u0917\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u0926\u093e\u092c, \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0906\u092a\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902? \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u094b \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0939\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0902\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f 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