{"id":29590,"date":"2025-01-04T12:00:55","date_gmt":"2025-01-04T12:00:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/?p=29590"},"modified":"2025-01-05T23:54:51","modified_gmt":"2025-01-05T23:54:51","slug":"%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%89%e0%a4%a1%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%8c%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%a7%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%b8%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%ac%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%9c%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%89%e0%a4%a1%e0%a4%b2-%e0%a4%ae%e0%a5%8c%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%a7%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0938\u0930\u0932 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932: \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901"},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\np {\n    text-align: justify;\n}\n<\/style>\n<p><center><\/p>\n<h1><strong>\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932:<\/strong><br \/>\u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/h1>\n<p><\/center><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em><strong>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0936:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u00ab\u0938\u0930\u0932 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u00bb \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 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\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0930\u093f\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u090f\u0915 <em>\u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921<\/em> \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b, \u091c\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u094d\u092f\u093e\u091c \u092d\u0941\u0917\u0924\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u0930\u0902\u091f\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0948\u0902\u0915 \u0916\u093e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u092e\u093e \u092f\u093e \u090b\u0923 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0947\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0913\u0930, \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong> \u0935\u0939 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u0947 <em>\u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930<\/em> \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915 \u090f\u0915\u094d\u0938\u091a\u0947\u0902\u091c \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940\u092c\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0908 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"4\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>\u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u092f\u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e<\/h3>\n<p>\u0938\u0930\u0932 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0939\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902: \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> t = 0 <\/span> \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> t = 1 <\/span> \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0930\u0932\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"5\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u093f\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928<\/h3>\n<p>\u0930\u093f\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u092a \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0928\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0916\u094b\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930, \u0930\u093f\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0930\u093f\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0938\u092e\u092f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> t <\/span> \u092a\u0930 \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u0915\u094b <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> S(t) <\/span> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f, \u0924\u094b <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> t = 0 <\/span> \u0914\u0930 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> t = 1 <\/span> \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u093f\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> K_S = \\dfrac{S(1) - S(0)}{S(0)} <\/span>\n<p>\u092f\u0939 \u0930\u093f\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> K_S <\/span> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0936 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 (\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0940 \u0939\u0948), \u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 (\u092f\u0926\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0918\u091f\u0940 \u0939\u0948), \u092f\u093e \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f (\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0940) \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0930\u093f\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0938\u092e\u092f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> t <\/span> \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u0915\u094b <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> A(t) <\/span> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f, \u0924\u094b <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> t = 0 <\/span> \u0914\u0930 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> t = 1 <\/span> \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u093f\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> K_A = \\dfrac{A(1) - A(0)}{A(0)} <\/span>\n<p>\u092f\u0939 \u0930\u093f\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928, <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> K_A <\/span>, \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921 \u091c\u093e\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0917\u093e\u0930\u0902\u091f\u0940 \u0926\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> K_S <\/span> \u0914\u0930 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> K_A <\/span> \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u093f\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u0930\u093f\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"6\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928<\/h3>\n<p>\u0905\u092c \u091c\u092c \u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0930\u093f\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0938\u092e\u091d \u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0939\u092e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u090f\u0915 <strong>\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b<\/strong> \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0906\u092a <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> x <\/span> \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> y <\/span> \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u092f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> t <\/span> \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> V(t) = xS(t) + yA(t) <\/span>\n<p>\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0902, <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> V(t) <\/span> \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f (<span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> xS(t) <\/span>) \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f (<span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> yA(t) <\/span>) \u0915\u093e \u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f (<span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> t = 0 <\/span>) \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u0938\u092e\u092f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> t = 1 <\/span> \u092a\u0930 \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"7\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>\u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/h3>\n<p>\u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0939\u092e \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928\u0940\u092f \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0905\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e:<\/strong> \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 (<span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> S(1) <\/span>) \u090f\u0915 <em>\u0905\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u0930<\/em> \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924\u0932\u092c \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0916\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092f\u093e\u0928\u0940 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> S(t) &gt; 0 <\/span> \u0914\u0930 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> A(t) &gt; 0 <\/span> \u091c\u092c <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> t = 0, 1 <\/span>\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092f\u0925\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u093e\u0926\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0930\u0932\u0924\u093e:<\/strong> \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0902\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0915 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u094b \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u093e\u0935\u093e, \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u093e \u092f\u093e \u092c\u0947\u091a\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0938\u0949\u0932\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940:<\/strong> \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0930 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0940 \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f, \u092f\u093e\u0928\u0940 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> V(t) \\geq 0 <\/span>\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924\u0932\u092c \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0906\u092a \u091c\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0916\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f:<\/strong> \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0935\u093f\u0937\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> S(1) <\/span> \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0907\u0928 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925, \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u092e \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u093f\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0905\u092c \u0924\u0915, \u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0948\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0917\u0932\u0947 \u0916\u0902\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0939\u092e \u0907\u0928 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n<p><center><a name=\"8\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u0939\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/h2>\n<p><\/center><br \/>\n<center><iframe class=\"lazyload\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/BdcylGfSgtA?si=QwVbLqRiAaULJ6v1\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<h3>\u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 1: \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e (\u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f)<\/h3>\n<p>\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> A(0) = 100 <\/span> \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0915\u0930 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> A(1) = 110 <\/span> \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0948?<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u091a\u0942\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> K_A = \\dfrac{A(1) - A(0)}{A(0)} <\/span>\n<p>\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0921\u093e\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> K_A = \\dfrac{110 - 100}{100} = \\dfrac{10}{100} = 0.10 <\/span>\n<p>\u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 10% \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<h3>\u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 2: \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e (\u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f)<\/h3>\n<p>\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0906\u092a\u0928\u0947 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> S(0) = 50 <\/span> \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u093e\u0964 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u092c\u0926\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0926\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> S(1) = 52 <\/span> \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> p <\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> S(1) = 48 <\/span> \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> 1 - p <\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928:<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0907\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940?<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u091a\u0942\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915 \u090f\u0915 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0948, \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> K_S = \\dfrac{S(1) - S(0)}{S(0)} <\/span>\n<p>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f 52 \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0924\u0915 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/strong><\/li>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> K_S = \\dfrac{52 - 50}{50} = \\dfrac{2}{50} = 0.04 <\/span>\n<p>\u0907\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 4% \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<li><strong>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f 48 \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0924\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/strong><\/li>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> K_S = \\dfrac{48 - 50}{50} = \\dfrac{-2}{50} = -0.04 <\/span>\n<p>\u0907\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 -4% \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 (4%) \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 (-4%) \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<h3>\u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 3: \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f<\/h3>\n<p>\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0906\u092a\u0928\u0947 20 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 10 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e\u0964 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> S(0) = 50 <\/span> \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> A(0) = 100 <\/span> \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928:<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> t = 0 <\/span> \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928:<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u092f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> t <\/span> \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> V(t) = xS(t) + yA(t) <\/span>\n<p>\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> x <\/span> \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> y <\/span> \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0921\u093e\u0932\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> V(0) = (20)(50) + (10)(100) <\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> V(0) = 1000 + 1000 = 2000 <\/span>\n<p>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> t = 0 <\/span> \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f 2000 \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<h3>\u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 4: \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e<\/h3>\n<p>\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 3 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u092f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> t = 1 <\/span> \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> S(1) = 52 <\/span> \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> A(1) = 110 <\/span> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> S(1) = 48 <\/span> \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> A(1) = 110 <\/span> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928:<\/strong> \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940?<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f 1: \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> V(1) = (20)(52) + (10)(110) <\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> V(1) = 1040 + 1100 = 2140 <\/span>\n<p>\u0907\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f 2140 \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> K_V = \\dfrac{V(1) - V(0)}{V(0)} = \\dfrac{2140 - 2000}{2000} = \\dfrac{140}{2000} = 0.07 <\/span>\n<p>\u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 7% \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f 2: \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> V(1) = (20)(48) + (10)(110) <\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> V(1) = 960 + 1100 = 2060 <\/span>\n<p>\u0907\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f 2060 \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> K_V = \\dfrac{V(1) - V(0)}{V(0)} = \\dfrac{2060 - 2000}{2000} = \\dfrac{60}{2000} = 0.03 <\/span>\n<p>\u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 3% \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 7% \u0939\u0948; \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 3% \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<h3>\u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 5: \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e<\/h3>\n<p>\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0906\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>50% \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> A(0) = 100 <\/span> \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> A(1) = 105 <\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li>50% \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> S(0) = 50 <\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u092e\u092f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> t = 1 <\/span> \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> S(1) = 55 <\/span> \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e 0.7)\u0964<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> S(1) = 45 <\/span> \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e 0.3)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928:<\/strong> \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f:<\/li>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> K_A = \\dfrac{A(1) - A(0)}{A(0)} = \\dfrac{105 - 100}{100} = 0.05 <\/span> (5%)<\/p>\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f:<\/li>\n<ul>\n<li>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/li>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> K_S^{\\text{up}} = \\dfrac{55 - 50}{50} = 0.10 <\/span> (10%)<\/p>\n<li>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/li>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> K_S^{\\text{down}} = \\dfrac{45 - 50}{50} = -0.10 <\/span> (-10%)<\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>2. \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\text{\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940} = (0.7 \\times 0.10) + (0.3 \\times -0.10) = 0.04 <\/span> (4%)<\/p>\n<p>3. \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u092f\u0939 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0915\u093f 50% \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 50% \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> K_{\\text{\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b}} = (0.5 \\times 0.05) + (0.5 \\times 0.04) = 0.045 <\/span> (4.5%)<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong> \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 4.5% \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<h3>\u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 6: \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928<\/h3>\n<p>\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0906\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0908:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0906\u092a \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 $2000 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 3% \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u0930\u0902\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u0906\u092a $1000 \u0909\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0909\u092e\u094d\u092e\u0940\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0906\u090f\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> S(0) = 50 <\/span> \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> S(1) = 40 <\/span> \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e 0.6)\u0964<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> S(1) = 60 <\/span> \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (\u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e 0.4)\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092a\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928:<\/strong><\/p>\n<h4>\u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e<\/h4>\n<p>\u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947, \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> K_A = 0.03 <\/span> (3%)<\/p>\n<p>\u0936\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u092f\u093e \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/strong><\/li>\n<p>\u0936\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 $50 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0925\u0940, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 $40 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u092d:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> 50 - 40 = 10 <\/span> \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930<\/p>\n<p>$1000 \u0909\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\dfrac{1000}{50} = 20 <\/span> \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u092c\u0947\u091a\u0947 \u0917\u090f\u0964 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0932\u093e\u092d:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> 20 \\times 10 = 200 <\/span> \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930<\/p>\n<li><strong>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/strong><\/li>\n<p>\u0936\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 $50 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0925\u0940, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 $60 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> 50 - 60 = -10 <\/span> \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930<\/p>\n<p>\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> 20 \\times -10 = -200 <\/span> \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930<\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0936\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\text{\u0936\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940} = (0.6 \\times 200) + (0.4 \\times -200) = 120 - 80 = 40 <\/span> \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930<\/p>\n<h4>\u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e (\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928) \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e<\/h4>\n<p>\u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0936\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0940 <strong>\u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928<\/strong> \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\text{\u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928} = (0.6)(200 - 40)^2 + (0.4)(-200 - 40)^2 <\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\text{\u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928} = (0.6)(160)^2 + (0.4)(-240)^2 = 38400 <\/span>\n<p>\u0905\u092c \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\text{\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928} = \\sqrt{38400} \\approx 196 <\/span>\n<p><strong>\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930:<\/strong> \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 $40 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928 $196 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<h4>\u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e<\/h4>\n<p>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928 196 \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 ($40) \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0938\u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0936\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p>\u0907\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0940\u092c \u0930\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930, \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u092f\u093e \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0922\u093c \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>\u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927<\/h4>\n<p>\u0936\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0948\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924\u0947\u0902 $0 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930, \u0936\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0926\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u092c, \u091c\u092c \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0964<\/p>\n<h4>\u0936\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935<\/h4>\n<p>\u0936\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093e\u0930-\u0911\u092b \u0915\u094b \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<h3>\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/h3>\n<p>\u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u0936\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u0941\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0907\u0938 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947, \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0923\u092f \u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0922\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p>&#8212; <\/p>\n<h3>\u0905\u0917\u0932\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902:<\/h3>\n<p>\u0939\u092e \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0940\u092f \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p><center><a name=\"9\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938<\/h2>\n<p><\/center><\/p>\n<h3>\u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 1: \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e<\/h3>\n<p>\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0906\u092a <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> A(0) = 200 <\/span> \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0915\u0930 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> A(1) = 220 <\/span> \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0948?<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<h3>\u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 2: \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940<\/h3>\n<p>\u0906\u092a <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> S(0) = 100 <\/span> \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> S(1) = 110 <\/span> (\u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e 0.5) \u092f\u093e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> S(1) = 90 <\/span> (\u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e 0.5) \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928:<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<h3>\u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 3: \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0906\u092a 15 \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 5 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> S(0) = 30 <\/span> \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> A(0) = 100 <\/span> \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928:<\/strong> \u0938\u092e\u092f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> t = 0 <\/span> \u092a\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<h3>\u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 4: \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940<\/h3>\n<p>\u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> S(1) = 35 <\/span> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u093e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> S(1) = 25 <\/span> \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> A(1) = 105 <\/span> \u092a\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928:<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<h3>\u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 5: \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935<\/h3>\n<p>\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u092e\u0947\u0902 10 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 40 \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> A(0) = 90 <\/span> \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> S(0) = 20 <\/span> \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930\u0964 \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0915\u0930 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> S(1) = 30 <\/span> \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> A(1) = 95 <\/span> \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928:<\/strong> \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<h3>\u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 6: \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e<\/h3>\n<p>\u0906\u092a \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u093e 60% \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 40% \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> A(0) = 200 <\/span> \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> A(1) = 210 <\/span> \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930\u0964 \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> S(0) = 50 <\/span> \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u090a\u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (<span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> S(1) = 55 <\/span>, \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e 0.6) \u092f\u093e \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 (<span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> S(1) = 45 <\/span>, \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e 0.4)\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928:<\/strong> \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<h3>\u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 7: \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928<\/h3>\n<p>\u090f\u0915 \u0936\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0906\u092a 500 \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0909\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> S(0) = 25 <\/span> \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u092a\u0930 \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> S(1) = 20 <\/span> (\u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e 0.7) \u092f\u093e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> S(1) = 30 <\/span> (\u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e 0.3) \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928:<\/strong> \u0907\u0938 \u0936\u0949\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0947\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<h3>\u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 8: \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e<\/h3>\n<p>\u0906\u092a\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 2000 \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092a \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0938 (<span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> A(0) = 100 <\/span>, 5% \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940) \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 (<span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> S(0) = 50 <\/span>, 8% \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940) \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928:<\/strong> \u0906\u092a \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0947 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 6% \u0939\u094b?<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<h3>\u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 9: \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0935\u093f\u0927\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923<\/h3>\n<p>\u0906\u092a 3000 \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0927\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0938 (<span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> A(0) = 150 <\/span>, 4% \u0917\u093e\u0930\u0902\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940) \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0927\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 (<span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> S(0) = 75 <\/span>) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u092e\u092f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> t = 1 <\/span> \u092a\u0930, \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 90 (\u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e 0.5) \u092f\u093e 60 (\u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e 0.5) \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928:<\/strong> \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n<h3>\u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 10: \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0949\u0932\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935<\/h3>\n<p>\u0906\u092a 1000 \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 300 \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 700 \u0921\u0949\u0932\u0930 \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 3% \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u092c\u0915\u093f \u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 (<span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> S(0) = 35 <\/span>) \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 25 \u092f\u093e 45 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928:<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e? \u0938\u0949\u0932\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e (<span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> V(t) \\geq 0 <\/span>) \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932:\u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0936: \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u00ab\u0938\u0930\u0932 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932\u00bb \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0926\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 (\u092c\u0949\u0928\u094d\u0921, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0930\u093f\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948) \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 (\u0936\u0947\u092f\u0930, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0930\u093f\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948) \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u093e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":29422,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"iawp_total_views":1,"footnotes":""},"categories":[757,911],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29590","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-757","category-911"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0938\u0930\u0932 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932: \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0938\u0930\u0932 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926: \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e 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\u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"\u0938\u0930\u0932 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0941\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0926: \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u0902\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091f\u092b\u094b\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u090f\u0902, \u092f\u0939 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" 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