{"id":28408,"date":"2024-09-15T00:44:50","date_gmt":"2024-09-15T00:44:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/?p=28408"},"modified":"2024-09-15T00:44:50","modified_gmt":"2024-09-15T00:44:50","slug":"%d8%ae%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%b2%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d9%83%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b9%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%b7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/ar\/%d8%ae%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%b2%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d9%83%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b9%d9%8a-%d9%88%d8%aa%d8%b7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%87\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><center><\/p>\n<h1>\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647<\/h1>\n<p><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635<\/strong><br \/><em>\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629 FND\/FNC\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0624\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a. \u0633\u0646\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 FNC \u0623\u0648 FND. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0633\u0646\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621. \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c FND \u0648FNC \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><\/center><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><strong>\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645:<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649:\n<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/strong> \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629 FND\/FNC \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0624\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0641\u0647\u0645<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/strong> \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645<\/strong> \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c<\/strong> FND \u0648FNC \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/strong> \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0649.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"#1\">\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629 FND\/FNC<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#2\">\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#3\">\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629<\/a><\/p>\n<p><center><iframe class=\"lazyload\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/aEQ2WFB4dls\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 <strong>\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c<\/strong> \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0628\u062b\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629 FND\/FNC<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=aEQ2WFB4dls&amp;t=107s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629 FND\/FNC \u0647\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a <\/strong><\/a>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0627\u0646 FND \u0623\u0648 FNC (\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629). \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 1:<\/strong> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(F\\rightarrow G)<\/span><\/span> \u0628\u0640 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(\\neg F\\vee G),<\/span><\/span> \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0639 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(F\\leftrightarrow G).<\/span><\/span> \u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 2:<\/strong> \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\neg\\neg G \\longmapsto G<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\neg(G\\wedge H) \\longmapsto (\\neg G \\vee \\neg H)<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\neg(G\\vee H) \\longmapsto (\\neg G \\wedge \\neg H)<\/span><\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\neg\\neg G,<\/span><\/span> <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\neg(G \\wedge H)<\/span><\/span> \u0623\u0648 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\neg(G \\vee H),<\/span><\/span> \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 3.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 3:<\/strong> \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 FND \u0623\u0648 FNC\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 FNC:<\/strong>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vee<\/span> \u062d\u064a\u062b\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\left.\\begin{matrix}G\\vee(H\\wedge K) \\\\ \\\\ (H\\wedge K)\\vee G \\end{matrix} \\right\\} \\longmapsto (G\\vee H)\\wedge (G\\vee K)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">G\\vee(H\\wedge K)<\/span><\/span> \u0623\u0648 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(H\\wedge K)\\vee G<\/span><\/span>\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 FNC.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 FND:<\/strong>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\wedge<\/span><\/span> \u062d\u064a\u062b\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\left.\\begin{matrix}G\\wedge(H\\vee K) \\\\ \\\\ (H\\vee K)\\wedge G \\end{matrix} \\right\\} \\longmapsto (G\\wedge H)\\vee (G\\vee K)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">G\\wedge(H\\vee K)<\/span><\/span> \u0623\u0648 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(H\\vee K)\\wedge G<\/span><\/span>\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 FND.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629 FND\/FNC \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0624\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643\u064a.<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(A\\rightarrow (B\\rightarrow A))<\/span><\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=aEQ2WFB4dls&amp;t=436s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>[\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644]<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">((A\\vee B)\\rightarrow(\\neg B \\wedge A))<\/span><\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=aEQ2WFB4dls&amp;t=665s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>[\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644]<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a name=\"2\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=aEQ2WFB4dls&amp;t=915s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629 FND\/FNC \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u060c<\/strong><\/a> \u0644\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0644\u0647. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">F<\/span> \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0623\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637:<\/strong> \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u064a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 (1) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 (0)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628:<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0643.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f:<\/strong> \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=aEQ2WFB4dls&amp;t=1361s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629<\/strong><\/a> \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a. \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0624\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647<\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0624\u0645<\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-xK_trhHRmzw\/YHeQhyDxUBI\/AAAAAAAAE48\/VUFuzNDMtBslDTcM7X2UlrmSzJ_evD4-ACLcBGAsYHQ\/s0\/conectorY.PNG\" alt=\"Conector Y\" class=\"alignnone size-full lazyload\" width=\"901\" height=\"407\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-xK_trhHRmzw\/YHeQhyDxUBI\/AAAAAAAAE48\/VUFuzNDMtBslDTcM7X2UlrmSzJ_evD4-ACLcBGAsYHQ\/s0\/conectorY.PNG\" alt=\"Conector Y\" class=\"alignnone size-full lazyload\" width=\"901\" height=\"407\" \/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-alLO75lFiw8\/YHeQiiHLF-I\/AAAAAAAAE5I\/yN2bqhtGxtIAzpLLAus5PLTMbse5uA2BwCLcBGAsYHQ\/s0\/tablaConectorY.PNG\" alt=\"Tabla Conector Y\" class=\"alignnone size-full lazyload\" width=\"1041\" height=\"420\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-alLO75lFiw8\/YHeQiiHLF-I\/AAAAAAAAE5I\/yN2bqhtGxtIAzpLLAus5PLTMbse5uA2BwCLcBGAsYHQ\/s0\/tablaConectorY.PNG\" alt=\"Tabla Conector Y\" class=\"alignnone size-full lazyload\" width=\"1041\" height=\"420\" \/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<h3>\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643<\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-xLVAp74wmRE\/YHeQh1p67rI\/AAAAAAAAE5A\/QRB4g9BENGgj4Jqw6Lee200YT02fUaaIQCLcBGAsYHQ\/s0\/conectorO.PNG\" alt=\"Conector O\" class=\"alignnone size-full lazyload\" width=\"1077\" height=\"661\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-xLVAp74wmRE\/YHeQh1p67rI\/AAAAAAAAE5A\/QRB4g9BENGgj4Jqw6Lee200YT02fUaaIQCLcBGAsYHQ\/s0\/conectorO.PNG\" alt=\"Conector O\" class=\"alignnone size-full lazyload\" width=\"1077\" height=\"661\" \/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-ZhxmnR7oxZU\/YHeQiDdLT_I\/AAAAAAAAE5E\/Gbh-I7c6yWwif685Z4GRLO_6iHMT3_yrQCLcBGAsYHQ\/s0\/tablaConectorO.PNG\" alt=\"Tabla del Conector O\" class=\"alignnone size-full lazyload\" width=\"1135\" height=\"598\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-ZhxmnR7oxZU\/YHeQiDdLT_I\/AAAAAAAAE5E\/Gbh-I7c6yWwif685Z4GRLO_6iHMT3_yrQCLcBGAsYHQ\/s0\/tablaConectorO.PNG\" alt=\"Tabla del Conector O\" class=\"alignnone size-full lazyload\" width=\"1135\" height=\"598\" \/><\/noscript><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"3\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629<\/h2>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u06484 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629. \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 1:<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646. \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637 2:<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621:<\/strong> \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">a) \u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=aEQ2WFB4dls&amp;t=2158s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>[\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">b) \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c FND \u0648FNC \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=aEQ2WFB4dls&amp;t=2283s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>[\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">c) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 FNC \u0623\u0648 FND \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637) \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0644\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=aEQ2WFB4dls&amp;t=2402s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>[\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 5 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d. <strong>[\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626]<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629 FND\/FNC\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0624\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a. \u0633\u0646\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 FNC \u0623\u0648 FND. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":28401,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"iawp_total_views":7,"footnotes":""},"categories":[625,611,565],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28408","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-625","category-611","category-565"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647 - toposuranos.com\/material<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643\u064a (FND) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0624\u0645\u064a (FNC).\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/ar\/\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644-\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a-\u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta 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