{"id":27693,"date":"2021-09-18T13:00:43","date_gmt":"2021-09-18T13:00:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/?p=27693"},"modified":"2024-08-10T23:47:05","modified_gmt":"2024-08-10T23:47:05","slug":"%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b6-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%85%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%87","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b6-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%be-%e0%a4%85%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b5%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%b0-%e0%a4%b8%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%87\/","title":{"rendered":"\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><center><\/p>\n<h1>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u093e 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\u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u092b\u093c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0909\u0938 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0926\u094b \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u092b\u093c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0906\u092a\u0924\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0938\u092e\u091d\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u090f\u0902\u0917\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0926\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u090f\u0902\u0917\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"#1\"><strong>\u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#2\">\u092b\u093c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#3\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#4\"><strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928, \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#5\"><strong>\u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><iframe class=\"lazyload\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/LxhWbErujpo\" title=\"YouTube \u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u092f\u0930\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=LxhWbErujpo&amp;t=186s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/strong><\/a> \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0938 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0939\u0940\u0928 \u0930\u093e\u0936\u093f \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">n_k:<\/span><\/span> \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">n_k=\\displaystyle \\frac{c}{c_k}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">c<\/span><\/span> \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">c_k<\/span><\/span> \u0909\u0938 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">k<\/span><\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u091a\u0942\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0927\u0940\u092e\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u091a\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e 1 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u093e \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"2\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>\u092b\u093c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=LxhWbErujpo&amp;t=397s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/strong><\/a> \u0909\u0938 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0939 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u091c\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0909\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0909\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u0940 \u0927\u0940\u092e\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948; \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092b\u093c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000; background-color: #80ff80;\">\u091c\u092c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0924\u0915 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0935\u0939 \u0909\u0938 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0924\u092c \u092d\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"3\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=LxhWbErujpo&amp;t=608s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u092b\u093c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930<\/span><\/strong><\/a> \u0939\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0907\u091c\u093c\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u0940 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u094c\u0928 \u0938\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903, \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0924\u0915 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0939\u092e \u0906\u0917\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 A \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 B \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0926\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0936\u0903 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">n_1<\/span><\/span> \u0914\u0930 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">n_2<\/span><\/span> \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0909\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u094b \u0916\u094b\u091c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u091c\u094b \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u093c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u092e \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u0930\u0947\u0916 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<p><center><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-1CdoEOp5SHc\/YUDNPnQyOxI\/AAAAAAAAFjE\/RG-kYgV4KKwAE3QwiM9nB3cA-OOXesONQCLcBGAsYHQ\/s0\/n1n2leydeSnell.PNG\" width=\"875\" height=\"518\" alt=\"\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\" class=\"alignnone size-full lazyload\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-1CdoEOp5SHc\/YUDNPnQyOxI\/AAAAAAAAFjE\/RG-kYgV4KKwAE3QwiM9nB3cA-OOXesONQCLcBGAsYHQ\/s0\/n1n2leydeSnell.PNG\" width=\"875\" height=\"518\" alt=\"\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\" class=\"alignnone size-full lazyload\" \/><\/noscript><\/center><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0939\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\begin{array}{rl}{\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f} &amp; =\\displaystyle \\frac{{\u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940}}{{\u0917\u0924\u093f}} \\\\ \\\\ &amp; \\displaystyle =\\frac{{\u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e 1 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940}}{{\u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e 1 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0924\u093f}} + \\frac{{\u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e 2 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0942\u0930\u0940}}{{\u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e 2 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0924\u093f}}\\\\ \\\\&amp; =\\displaystyle \\frac{\\sqrt{a^2 + x^2}}{c_1} + \\frac{\\sqrt{b^2 + (d-x)^2}}{c_2}\\end{array}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 A \u0914\u0930 B \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f, \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0909\u0938 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">x<\/span><\/span> \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u0942\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">t(x)<\/span><\/span> \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">t(x) = \\displaystyle \\frac{1}{c_1}\\sqrt{a^2 + x^2} + \\frac{1}{c_2}\\sqrt{b^2 + (d-x)^2}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0905\u092c, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092b\u093c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0935\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0939\u092e \u0907\u0938 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0938 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">x<\/span><\/span> \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">t(x)<\/span><\/span> \u0915\u094b \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0911\u092a\u094d\u091f\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0907\u091c\u093c\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0939\u092e <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">t<\/span><\/span> \u0915\u093e <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">x<\/span><\/span> \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\begin{array}{rl}\\dfrac{dt}{dx} &amp;\\displaystyle = \\frac{1}{c_1}\\frac{d}{dx}\\sqrt{a^2 + x^2} + \\frac{1}{c_2}\\frac{d}{dx}\\sqrt{b^2+(d-x)^2}\\\\ \\\\ &amp;\\displaystyle = \\frac{1}{c_1} \\frac{2x}{2\\sqrt{a^2 + x^2}} + \\frac{1}{c_2}\\frac{2(d-x)(-1)}{2\\sqrt{b^2+(d-x)^2}} \\\\ \\\\ &amp;\\displaystyle = \\frac{1}{c_1} \\frac{x}{\\sqrt{a^2 + x^2}} - \\frac{1}{c_2}\\frac{(d-x)}{\\sqrt{b^2+(d-x)^2}} \\end{array}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0905\u092c \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0902:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\begin{array}{rl}\\sin(\\theta_1) &amp;\\displaystyle =\\frac{x}{\\sqrt{a^2 + x^2}}\\\\ \\\\ \\sin(\\theta_2) &amp;\\displaystyle = \\frac{(d-x)}{\\sqrt{b^2+(d-x)^2}} \\\\ \\\\ c_1 &amp; \\displaystyle = \\frac{c}{n_1} \\\\ \\\\ c_2 &amp; \\displaystyle = \\frac{c}{n_2} \\end{array} <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\frac{dt}{dx} = \\frac{n_1}{c} \\sin(\\theta_1) - \\frac{n_2}{c}\\sin(\\theta_2)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903, \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">x<\/span><\/span> \u092b\u093c\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">t(x)<\/span><\/span> \u0915\u094b \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0917\u093e:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\color{blue}{n_1 \\sin(\\theta_1) = n_2 \\sin(\\theta_2)}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u092f\u0939 \u0935\u0939 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0926\u094b \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0906\u092a\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0923 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\theta_1<\/span><\/span> \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0923 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\theta_2<\/span><\/span> \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"3\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928, \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=LxhWbErujpo&amp;t=1614s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u093f \u091c\u092c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936<\/span> <\/strong><\/a>\u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948; \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0906\u092a\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0917\u093e\u092f\u092c \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0930\u0939 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0940\u091c\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">a<\/span><\/span> \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">b<\/span><\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0936\u0903 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">n_a<\/span><\/span> \u0914\u0930 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">n_b<\/span><\/span> \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">n_a \\gt n_b,<\/span><\/span> \u0924\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930, \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\sin(\\theta_b) = \\frac{n_a}{n_b}\\sin(\\theta_a)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u091a\u0942\u0902\u0915\u093f <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">n_a\/n_b \\gt 1,<\/span><\/span> \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\sin(\\theta_b) \\gt \\sin(\\theta_a),<\/span><\/span> \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924\u0932\u092c \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u091a\u0932\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924\u0932\u092c \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0910\u0938\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0908 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\theta_a\\lt 90^o<\/span><\/span> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\sin(\\theta_b)=1<\/span><\/span> \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\theta_b=90^o,<\/span><\/span> \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0935\u0939 \u0906\u092a\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0909\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u090f\u0902\u0917\u0932 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\sin(\\theta_{\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932}) = \\frac{n_b}{n_a}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0939\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0930\u093e\u092c\u0930 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\theta_{\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932} = \\arcsin\\left( \\frac{n_b}{n_a} \\right)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u092f\u0926\u093f <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\theta_a \\gt \\theta_{\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932},<\/span><\/span> \u0924\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"4\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938:<\/h2>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\n<li>\u0938\u094b\u091a\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948:<br \/>\n<center><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-98FbTK-_FZo\/YT-61nYxRnI\/AAAAAAAAFiM\/JbBsuAnS6IA8aB-4hvroeZ1qDF2ebxQUwCLcBGAsYHQ\/s0\/n1n2snell.PNG\" width=\"442\" height=\"321\" alt=\"\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\" class=\"alignnone size-full lazyload\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-98FbTK-_FZo\/YT-61nYxRnI\/AAAAAAAAFiM\/JbBsuAnS6IA8aB-4hvroeZ1qDF2ebxQUwCLcBGAsYHQ\/s0\/n1n2snell.PNG\" width=\"442\" height=\"321\" alt=\"\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u0948\" class=\"alignnone size-full lazyload\" \/><\/noscript><\/center><br \/>\n\u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0939\u0948 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">n_1 = 1.33,<\/span><\/span> \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0939\u0948 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">n_2=1.52.<\/span><\/span> \u092f\u0926\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0938 \u092a\u0930 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\theta_1 = 60^o<\/span><\/span> \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\theta_2<\/span><\/span> \u092a\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932\u0947\u0917\u0940? <span class=\"collapseomatic \" id=\"id69e03a04b9ceb\"  tabindex=\"0\" title=\"\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928\"    >\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/span><div id=\"target-id69e03a04b9ceb\" class=\"collapseomatic_content \">\n\u0938\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f, \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(1)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">n_1 \\sin(\\theta_1) = n_2 \\sin(\\theta_2)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u0938\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\equiv <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\sin(\\theta_2) = \\frac{n_1}{n_2}\\sin(\\theta_1)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\equiv <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\theta_2 = \\arcsin\\left(\\frac{n_1}{n_2}\\sin(\\theta_1)\\right)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(2)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">n_1=1.33<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(3)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">n_2=1.52<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u0915\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(4)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\theta_1=60^o<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0938 \u092a\u0930 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094b\u0923<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(5)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\theta_2 = \\arcsin\\left(\\frac{1.33}{1.52}\\sin(60^o)\\right) \\approx 49.268^o<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; (1,2,3,4) \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924, \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0923<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=LxhWbErujpo&amp;t=1363s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">[\u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b]<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u0924\u0940\u0928 \u0924\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u091c\u094b \u0926\u094b \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0938 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902: <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">n_1=1.33,<\/span><\/span> <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">n_2=1.41<\/span><\/span> \u0914\u0930 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">n_3=1.68,<\/span><\/span> \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0947 \u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<center><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-AAZlxjqC4s4\/YUAdiGNMSQI\/AAAAAAAAFiU\/mOE-xMfybOoxenNH2O8sufjpTuzH6-WIwCLcBGAsYHQ\/s0\/n1n2n3snell.PNG\" width=\"443\" height=\"430\" alt=\"\u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\" class=\"alignnone size-full lazyload\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-AAZlxjqC4s4\/YUAdiGNMSQI\/AAAAAAAAFiU\/mOE-xMfybOoxenNH2O8sufjpTuzH6-WIwCLcBGAsYHQ\/s0\/n1n2n3snell.PNG\" width=\"443\" height=\"430\" alt=\"\u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\" class=\"alignnone size-full lazyload\" \/><\/noscript><\/center>\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">n_1<\/span><\/span> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">n_2<\/span><\/span> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0938 \u092a\u0930 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\theta_1=70^o<\/span><\/span> \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u091c\u092c \u092f\u0939 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">n_3<\/span><\/span> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u0940, \u0924\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e? <span class=\"collapseomatic \" id=\"id69e03a04b9f81\"  tabindex=\"0\" title=\"\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928\"    >\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/span><div id=\"target-id69e03a04b9f81\" class=\"collapseomatic_content \">\n\u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928, \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(1)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">n_1 \\sin(\\theta_1) = n_2 \\sin(\\theta_2) <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; n1 \u0938\u0947 n2 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(2)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">n_2 \\sin(\\theta_2) = n_3 \\sin(\\theta_3) <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; n2 \u0938\u0947 n3 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(3)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">n_1 \\sin(\\theta_1) = n_3 \\sin(\\theta_3) <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; (1,2) \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\equiv<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\sin(\\theta_3) = \\frac{n_1}{n_3}\\sin(\\theta_1) <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\equiv<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\theta_3 = \\arcsin\\left(\\frac{n_1}{n_3}\\sin(\\theta_1)\\right) <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903, \u0921\u0947\u091f\u093e \u0921\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p><center><br \/>\n<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\theta_3= \\arcsin\\left(\\frac{1.33}{1.68}\\sin(70^o)\\right) \\approx 48.0667^o <\/span><\/span><\/center><br \/>\n\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0926\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0939\u092e \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<br \/>\n<\/div> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=LxhWbErujpo&amp;t=1417s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">[\u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b]<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u090f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093f\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u0935\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u092b\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092a\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u092c \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<center><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-GiDk_G3uybI\/YUDhONr0MaI\/AAAAAAAAFjM\/aSGUOspZeCsm7Cz7DG4r-JrCr03QhYyBgCLcBGAsYHQ\/s0\/%25C3%25A1ngulocr%25C3%25ADtico.PNG\" width=\"588\" height=\"358\" alt=\"\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u090f\u0902\u0917\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u0928\u093e\" class=\"alignnone size-full lazyload\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-GiDk_G3uybI\/YUDhONr0MaI\/AAAAAAAAFjM\/aSGUOspZeCsm7Cz7DG4r-JrCr03QhYyBgCLcBGAsYHQ\/s0\/%25C3%25A1ngulocr%25C3%25ADtico.PNG\" width=\"588\" height=\"358\" alt=\"\u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u090f\u0902\u0917\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u0917\u093f\u0930\u0928\u093e\" class=\"alignnone size-full lazyload\" \/><\/noscript><\/center><br \/>\n<span class=\"collapseomatic \" id=\"id69e03a04ba0f5\"  tabindex=\"0\" title=\"\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928\"    >\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928<\/span><div id=\"target-id69e03a04ba0f5\" class=\"collapseomatic_content \">\n\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u090f\u0902\u0917\u0932 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\theta_{\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932}= \\arcsin\\left(\\frac{1.00}{1.33}\\right) \\approx 48.7535^o<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=LxhWbErujpo&amp;t=1869s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">[\u0935\u0940\u0921\u093f\u092f\u094b]<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0936: \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u092e \u0938\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u0908 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940, \u092b\u093c\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u093f\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":27682,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"iawp_total_views":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[843,643],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27693","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-843","category-643"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e - toposuranos.com\/material<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0905\u092a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0924\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0928\u0947\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e: \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f 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