{"id":27644,"date":"2024-08-11T13:00:29","date_gmt":"2024-08-11T13:00:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/?p=27644"},"modified":"2025-06-05T19:13:34","modified_gmt":"2025-06-05T19:13:34","slug":"limite-de-funciones-de-una-variable-real","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/es\/limite-de-funciones-de-una-variable-real\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00edmite de Funciones de una Variable Real"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><center><\/p>\n<h1>L\u00edmite de Funciones de una Variable Real<\/h1>\n<p><\/center><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><em><strong>Resumen:<\/strong><br \/>\nEn esta clase se revisa en profundidad la definici\u00f3n formal de l\u00edmite de las funciones de una variable real y, a partir de esta se demuestran las principales propiedades que conducen al \u00e1lgebra de los l\u00edmites.<\/br><\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center\"><em><strong>Objetivos de Aprendizaje:<\/strong><br \/>\nAl finalizar esta clase el estudiante ser\u00e1 capaz de:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Recordar<\/strong> la definici\u00f3n de l\u00edmite de funciones de una variable real.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Demostrar<\/strong> las propiedades que conducen al \u00e1lgebra de los l\u00edmites mediante deducciones <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\epsilon-\\delta<\/span><\/span>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Calcular<\/strong> l\u00edmites de funciones de una variable real utilizando el \u00e1lgebra de l\u00edmites y sus propiedades.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/em><\/p>\n<p><center><br \/>\n<strong>INDICE DE CONTENIDOS<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"#1\"><strong>Introducci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#2\"><strong>La noci\u00f3n intuitiva de l\u00edmite de una funci\u00f3n desde un enfoque gr\u00e1fico<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#3\"><strong>La Definici\u00f3n Formal de L\u00edmite<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#4\"><strong>Propiedades de los L\u00edmites<\/strong><\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#5\">Si el l\u00edmite existe, entonces es \u00fanico<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#6\">\u00c1lgebra de L\u00edmites<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#7\">C\u00e1lculo de l\u00edmites sencillos<\/a><br \/>\n<\/center><\/p>\n<p><center><iframe class=\"lazyload\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/FEPfoAfPsFY\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/center><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Introducci\u00f3n<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FEPfoAfPsFY&amp;t=240s\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><\u00bfQu\u00e9 diferencia hay entre estudiar algebra y geometr\u00eda con respecto al estudio del c\u00e1lculo?<\/strong><\/a> La respuesta a esta interrogante nos la da el concepto de l\u00edmite. En este art\u00edculo se estudia por lo tanto el l\u00edmite y su definici\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">La palabra l\u00edmite normalmente la asociamos con una especie de frontera, como la frontera de un intervalo de extremos a, b (independiente de su naturaleza)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">[a,b[\\;\\; ;\\;\\; ]a,b]\\;\\; ; \\;\\; ]a,b[\\;\\; ; [a,b] <\/span><\/span>,<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">o como con el presente, del que podemos decir es la frontera entre el pasado y el futuro. De forma mas o menos similar, la idea de l\u00edmite introduce la comprensi\u00f3n matem\u00e1tica de \u00e9sta idea intuitiva de acercarnos asint\u00f3ticamente a un cierto punto.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"2\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>La noci\u00f3n intuitiva de l\u00edmite de una funci\u00f3n desde un enfoque gr\u00e1fico<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FEPfoAfPsFY&amp;t=314s\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Para comenzar a visualizar la idea de l\u00edmite, es oportuno iniciar la representaci\u00f3n gr\u00e1fica<\/strong><\/a> de una funci\u00f3n y preguntar por lo que ocurrir\u00e1 con <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">f(x)<\/span><\/span> a medida que <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">x<\/span><\/span> se aproxima a <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">x_0<\/span><\/span> tanto como se desee.<\/p>\n<p><center><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-rMjBnCIK8Ts\/YGDfXYswS4I\/AAAAAAAAEwA\/1GY0wy3JkXk99kveDTp1SltJOTAITgN3wCLcBGAsYHQ\/s0\/limite.PNG\" alt=\"l\u00edmite de una funcion\" class=\"alignnone size-full lazyload\" width=\"692\" height=\"565\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-rMjBnCIK8Ts\/YGDfXYswS4I\/AAAAAAAAEwA\/1GY0wy3JkXk99kveDTp1SltJOTAITgN3wCLcBGAsYHQ\/s0\/limite.PNG\" alt=\"l\u00edmite de una funcion\" class=\"alignnone size-full lazyload\" width=\"692\" height=\"565\" \/><\/noscript><\/center><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Si <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">x<\/span><\/span> est\u00e1 cerca de <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">x_0<\/span><\/span>, entonces existir\u00e1 un intervalo abierto de radio <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\delta<\/span><\/span> y centro <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">x_0<\/span><\/span> tal que el <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">x<\/span><\/span> estar\u00e1 contenido en \u00e9l. Esto lo podemos representar de tres formas distintas:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">|x-x_0|\\lt \\delta<\/span><\/span>,<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">|x\\in]x_0 - \\delta , x_0 + \\delta[ <\/span><\/span>,<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">o bien <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">x\\in\\mathcal{B}(x_0,\\delta)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em>En nuestro contexto, estas son tres formas de decir lo mismo; aunque la \u00faltima, que se lee como \u00abel <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">x<\/span><\/span> contenido en la bola abierta de centro <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">x_0<\/span><\/span> y radio <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\delta<\/span><\/span>, ser\u00eda m\u00e1s adecuada para un <strong>curso de topolog\u00eda,<\/strong> donde se profundizar\u00eda mucho m\u00e1s en este \u00abtema de la proximidad\u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Si esto ocurre, entonces observaremos que existir\u00e1 otro intervalo abierto de centro <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">l<\/span><\/span> radio <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\epsilon<\/span><\/span> tal que <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">f(x)<\/span><\/span> est\u00e1 contenido en \u00e9l, es decir: <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">|f(x) - l|\\lt \\epsilon<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><center><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" data-src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-26xU-o1y-Eg\/YGDfXYgOp2I\/AAAAAAAAEwE\/FGMGEQdvRzg_OvnUqKolJ9v51xUVF4O7QCLcBGAsYHQ\/s0\/limite2.PNG\" alt=\"l\u00edmite de una funcion\" class=\"alignnone size-full lazyload\" width=\"625\" height=\"549\" \/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/1.bp.blogspot.com\/-26xU-o1y-Eg\/YGDfXYgOp2I\/AAAAAAAAEwE\/FGMGEQdvRzg_OvnUqKolJ9v51xUVF4O7QCLcBGAsYHQ\/s0\/limite2.PNG\" alt=\"l\u00edmite de una funcion\" class=\"alignnone size-full lazyload\" width=\"625\" height=\"549\" \/><\/noscript><\/center><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">De aqu\u00ed emerge la idea base del concepto matem\u00e1tico de l\u00edmite, del hecho de que este existir\u00e1 cuando: si <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">0 \\lt|x-x_0|\\lt \\delta<\/span><\/span>, entonces <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">|f(x)-l|\\lt \\epsilon<\/span><\/span>; y \u00e9ste valor <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">l<\/span><\/span> ser\u00e1 el l\u00edmite de la funci\u00f3n cuando <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">x<\/span><\/span> se aproxima a <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">x_0<\/span><\/span> tanto como queramos.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"3\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>La Definici\u00f3n Formal de L\u00edmite<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FEPfoAfPsFY&amp;t=689s\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Desde la concepci\u00f3n intuitiva y gr\u00e1fica que se acaba de presentar es posible comenzar a dilucidar la definici\u00f3n formal de l\u00edmite.<\/strong> <\/a>Decimos que el l\u00edmite existe cuando, sin importar quien sea este <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\epsilon<\/span><\/span> (es decir, la distancia entre <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">f(x)<\/span><\/span> y <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">l<\/span><\/span>), siempre existir\u00e1 un <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\delta<\/span><\/span> tal que, si se cumple que <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">0 \\lt|x-x_0|\\lt \\delta<\/span><\/span> entonces se cumplir\u00e1 que <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">|f(x) - l|\\lt \\epsilon.<\/span><\/span> Esta idea que en un principio es dif\u00edcil de capturar y es motivo de l\u00e1grimas para la mayor\u00eda de los estudiantes de c\u00e1lculo en el mundo, se puede sintetizar a trav\u00e9s de la siguiente expresi\u00f3n:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\lim_{x\\to x_0}f(x)=l := \\left(\\forall \\epsilon \\gt 0\\right)\\left(\\exists \\delta\\gt 0\\right) \\left(0 \\lt|x-x_0|\\lt\\delta \\rightarrow |f(x) - l|\\lt \\epsilon\\right)<\/span><\/span>,<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"4\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Propiedades de los L\u00edmites<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Lo importante de tener una definici\u00f3n formal de l\u00edmite es que ahora, a partir de \u00e9sta, podemos demostrar sus propiedades, tanto aquellas que resultan intuitivas como otras que no lo son tanto.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Antes de continuar, si bien no es estrictamente necesario, es altamente recomendable que revises algunos conceptos de <a href=\"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/es\/category\/matematica\/logica-matematica\/logica-proposicional\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>l\u00f3gica matem\u00e1tica<\/strong><\/a> para que puedas entender con mayor facilidad las demostraciones que vienen a continuaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"5\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>Si el l\u00edmite existe, entonces es \u00fanico<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FEPfoAfPsFY&amp;t=904s\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Para demostrar esta propiedad, nos valdremos de la t\u00e9cnica de reducci\u00f3n al absurdo.<\/strong><\/a> Partiremos definiendo el siguiente conjunto de premisas:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle\\mathcal{H}= \\{\\lim_{x\\to x_0}f(x) = L, \\lim_{x\\to x_0}f(x) = L^\\prime, L\\neq L^\\prime\\}<\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A partir de \u00e9sto podemos construir la siguiente prueba formal:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\" text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(1)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\" text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash \\lim_{x\\to x_0}f(x) = L <\/span><\/span>; <strong>Presunci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td style=\" text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash \\left(\\forall \\epsilon \\gt 0\\right)\\left(\\exists \\delta\\gt 0\\right) \\left(0 \\lt|x-x_0|\\lt\\delta \\rightarrow |f(x) - L|\\lt \\epsilon\\right) <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\" text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(2)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\" text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash \\lim_{x\\to x_0}f(x) = L^\\prime <\/span><\/span>; Presunci\u00f3n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td style=\" text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash \\left(\\forall \\epsilon \\gt 0\\right)\\left(\\exists \\delta\\gt 0\\right) \\left(0 \\lt|x-x_0|\\lt\\delta \\rightarrow |f(x) - L^\\prime |\\lt \\epsilon\\right) <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\" text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(3)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\" text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash L \\neq L^\\prime <\/span><\/span>; Presunci\u00f3n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\" text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(4)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\" text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash \\left(\\forall \\epsilon \\gt 0\\right)\\left(\\exists \\delta\\gt 0\\right) \\left(0 \\lt|x-x_0|\\lt\\delta \\rightarrow\\right.<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"background-color: #ffff80; color:#000000\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\left. \\left[ \\left( |f(x) - L |\\lt \\epsilon \\right) \\wedge \\left( |f(x) - L^\\prime |\\lt \\epsilon\\right) \\right] \\right. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">)<\/span><\/span>; <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\wedge<\/span><\/span>&#8211;<strong>Int<\/strong>(1,2)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\" text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(5)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\" text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\cup\\{L\\lt L^\\prime\\}\\vdash \\left(\\forall \\epsilon \\gt 0\\right)\\left(\\exists \\delta\\gt 0\\right) \\left(0 \\lt|x-x_0|\\lt\\delta \\rightarrow\\right.<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"background-color: #ffff80; color:#000000\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\left. \\left[ \\left( |f(x) - L |\\lt \\epsilon \\right) \\wedge \\left( |f(x) - L^\\prime |\\lt \\epsilon\\right) \\right] \\right. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">)<\/span><\/span>; <strong>Monotonia<\/strong>(4)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\" text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(6)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\" text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\cup\\{L\\lt L^\\prime\\}\\vdash \\epsilon = \\frac{L - L^\\prime}{2}\\gt 0 <\/span><\/span>; Porque <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">L \\lt L^\\prime <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\" text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(7)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\" text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\cup\\{L\\lt L^\\prime\\}\\vdash \\left(\\exists \\delta\\gt 0\\right) \\left(0 \\lt|x-x_0|\\lt\\delta \\rightarrow\\right.<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"background-color: #ffff80; color:#000000\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\left. \\left[ \\left( |f(x) - L |\\lt \\frac{L - L^\\prime}{2} \\right) \\wedge \\left( |f(x) - L^\\prime |\\lt \\frac{L - L^\\prime}{2}\\right) \\right] \\right. <\/span><\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">)<\/span><\/span>; Usando(5,6)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td style=\" text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\cup\\{L\\lt L^\\prime\\}\\vdash (\\exists \\delta\\gt 0) (0 \\lt|x-x_0|\\lt\\delta \\rightarrow [<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"background-color: #a0ffa0; color:#000000\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">( 2 |f(x) - L |\\lt L - L^\\prime )<\/span><\/span><\/span> <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\wedge<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"background-color: #a0a0ff; color:#000000\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">( 2|f(x) - L^\\prime |\\lt L - L^\\prime)<\/span><\/span><\/span> <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> ])<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td style=\" text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\cup\\{L\\lt L^\\prime\\}\\vdash (\\exists \\delta\\gt 0) (0 \\lt|x-x_0|\\lt\\delta \\rightarrow [<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"background-color: #a0ffa0; color:#000000\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">( -L + L^\\prime \\lt 2 (f(x) - L )\\lt L - L^\\prime )<\/span><\/span><\/span> <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\wedge<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"background-color: #a0a0ff; color:#000000\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">( -L + L^\\prime \\lt 2(f(x) - L^\\prime )\\lt L - L^\\prime)<\/span><\/span><\/span> <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> ])<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td style=\" text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\cup\\{L\\lt L^\\prime\\}\\vdash (\\exists \\delta\\gt 0) (0 \\lt|x-x_0|\\lt\\delta \\rightarrow [<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"background-color: #a0ffa0; color:#000000\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">( -L + L^\\prime \\lt 2f(x) - 2L \\lt L - L^\\prime )<\/span><\/span><\/span> <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\wedge<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"background-color: #a0a0ff; color:#000000\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">( -L + L^\\prime \\lt 2f(x) - 2L^\\prime \\lt L - L^\\prime)<\/span><\/span><\/span> <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> ])<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td style=\" text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\cup\\{L\\lt L^\\prime\\}\\vdash (\\exists \\delta\\gt 0) (0 \\lt|x-x_0|\\lt\\delta \\rightarrow [<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"background-color: #a0ffa0; color:#000000\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">( L + L^\\prime \\lt 2f(x) \\lt 3L - L^\\prime )<\/span><\/span><\/span> <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\wedge<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"background-color: #a0a0ff; color:#000000\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">( -L + 3L^\\prime \\lt 2f(x) \\lt L + L^\\prime)<\/span><\/span><\/span> <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> ])<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td style=\" text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\cup\\{L\\lt L^\\prime\\}\\vdash (\\exists \\delta\\gt 0) (0 \\lt|x-x_0|\\lt\\delta \\rightarrow [<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"background-color: #a0a0ff; color:#000000\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">( -L + 3L^\\prime \\lt 2f(x) \\lt L + L^\\prime)<\/span><\/span><\/span> <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\wedge<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"background-color: #a0ffa0; color:#000000\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">( L + L^\\prime \\lt 2f(x) \\lt 3L - L^\\prime )<\/span><\/span><\/span> <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> ])<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\" text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(8)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\" text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\cup\\{L\\lt L^\\prime\\}\\vdash \\bot <\/span><\/span>; De(1,2,6,7)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\" text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(9)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\" text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\cup\\{L\\gt L^\\prime\\}\\vdash \\bot <\/span><\/span>; Mismo procedimiento que (8)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\" text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(10)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\" text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash [(L\\lt L^\\prime) \\vee (L\\gt L^\\prime)] \\rightarrow \\bot <\/span><\/span>; <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vee<\/span><\/span>-int(8,9)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\" text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(11)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\" text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash [L\\ \\neq L^\\prime] \\rightarrow \\bot <\/span><\/span>; Def(10)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\" text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(12)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\" text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash \\bot <\/span><\/span>; <strong>MP<\/strong>(3,11)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td style=\" text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\left\\{\\lim_{x\\to x_0}f(x) = L, \\lim_{x\\to x_0}f(x) = L^\\prime, L\\neq L^\\prime\\right\\} \\vdash \\bot <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\" text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(13)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\" text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\left\\{\\lim_{x\\to x_0}f(x) = L, \\lim_{x\\to x_0}f(x) = L^\\prime \\right\\} \\vdash \\neg(L\\neq L^\\prime) <\/span><\/span>; <strong>Contradicci\u00f3n<\/strong>(12)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td style=\" text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\left\\{\\lim_{x\\to x_0}f(x) = L, \\lim_{x\\to x_0}f(x) = L^\\prime \\right\\} \\vdash L = L^\\prime.<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">De \u00e9sta demostraci\u00f3n tenemos que, si existen dos l\u00edmites, entonces son iguales y, por lo tanto, el l\u00edmite es \u00fanico.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"6\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h3>\u00c1lgebra de L\u00edmites<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FEPfoAfPsFY&amp;t=2011s\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Con lo visto hasta ahora revisamos lo esencial sobre la idea matem\u00e1tica de l\u00edmite.<\/strong><\/a> Pero s\u00f3lo con esto no es suficiente para poder hacer c\u00e1lculos con \u00e9l ni de lejos, s\u00f3lo un loco hambriento de sufrimiento utilizar\u00eda la definici\u00f3n de l\u00edmite con este prop\u00f3sito. Para resolver este problema, ahora trabajaremos las t\u00e9cnicas que nos ayudar\u00e1n a comenzar a calcular algunos l\u00edmites.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Sean <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">x_0, \\alpha, \\beta, L, M \\in \\mathbb{R},<\/span><\/span> y sean f y g funciones reales tales que:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\lim_{x\\to x_0} f(x) = L<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\lim_{x\\to x_0} g(x) = M<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Entonces se cumplen las siguientes propiedades:<\/p>\n<h4>L\u00edmite de la suma y de la diferencia de funciones<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\lim_{x\\to x_0} \\left(\\alpha f(x) \\pm \\beta g(x) \\right) = \\alpha L \\pm \\beta M<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000080;\"><strong>Demostraci\u00f3n:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FEPfoAfPsFY&amp;t=2053s\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Consideremos el conjunto de premisas<\/strong><\/a> <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle\\mathcal{H}=\\left\\{\\lim_{x\\to x_0} f(x) = L, \\lim_{x\\to x_0} g(x) = M \\right\\}<\/span><\/span>, entonces a partir de \u00e9sto podemos hacer el siguiente razonamiento:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(1)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash \\lim_{x\\to x_0}f(x) = L <\/span><\/span>; Presunci\u00f3n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash \\left(\\forall \\epsilon \\gt 0 \\right)\\left(\\exists \\delta \\gt 0 \\right) \\left(0 \\lt |x-x_0|\\lt \\delta \\rightarrow |f(x) - L|\\lt \\epsilon \\right) <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash \\left(\\forall \\epsilon \\gt 0 \\right)\\left(\\exists \\delta \\gt 0 \\right) \\left(0 \\lt |x-x_0|\\lt \\delta \\rightarrow |\\alpha||f(x) - L|\\lt |\\alpha|\\epsilon \\right) <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash \\left(\\forall \\epsilon \\gt 0 \\right)\\left(\\exists \\delta \\gt 0 \\right) \\left( 0 \\lt|x-x_0|\\lt \\delta \\rightarrow |\\alpha f(x) - \\alpha L|\\lt |\\alpha|\\epsilon \\right) <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(2)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash \\overline{\\epsilon}:= |\\alpha|\\epsilon <\/span><\/span>; Def.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(3)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash \\left(\\forall \\overline{\\epsilon} \\gt 0 \\right)\\left(\\exists \\delta \\gt 0 \\right) \\left(0 \\lt |x-x_0|\\lt \\delta \\rightarrow |\\alpha f(x) - \\alpha L|\\lt \\overline{\\epsilon} \\right) <\/span><\/span>; De(1,2)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffff80; color:#000000\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash \\lim_{x\\to x_0}\\alpha f(x) = \\alpha L <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(4)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash \\lim_{x\\to x_0}g(x) = M <\/span><\/span>; Presunci\u00f3n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(5)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffff80; color:#000000\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash \\lim_{x\\to x_0}\\beta g(x) = \\beta M <\/span><\/span><\/span>; An\u00e1logo a (3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash \\left(\\forall \\overline{\\overline{\\epsilon}} \\gt 0 \\right)\\left(\\exists \\delta \\gt 0 \\right) \\left( 0 \\lt |x-x_0|\\lt \\delta \\rightarrow |\\beta g(x) - \\beta M|\\lt \\overline{\\overline{\\epsilon}} \\right) <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(6)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash \\left(\\forall \\overline{\\epsilon},\\overline{\\overline{\\epsilon}} \\gt 0 \\right)\\left(\\exists \\delta \\gt 0 \\right) \\left(0 \\lt |x-x_0|\\lt \\delta \\rightarrow \\left[|\\alpha f(x) - \\alpha L|+ |\\beta g(x) - \\beta M|\\lt \\overline{\\epsilon}+ \\overline{\\overline{\\epsilon}} \\right] \\right) <\/span><\/span>; de(3,5)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(7)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash |\\alpha f(x) - \\alpha L + \\beta g(x) - \\beta M| \\leq |\\alpha f(x) - \\alpha L|+ |\\beta g(x) - \\beta M| <\/span><\/span>; Desigualdad Triangular: <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(\\forall x,y\\in\\mathbb{R})(|x+y|\\leq |x|+|y|)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(8)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash \\left(\\forall \\overline{\\epsilon},\\overline{\\overline{\\epsilon}} \\gt 0 \\right)\\left(\\exists \\delta \\gt 0 \\right) \\left(0 \\lt |x-x_0|\\lt \\delta \\rightarrow |\\alpha f(x) - \\alpha L + \\beta g(x) - \\beta M| \\lt \\overline{\\epsilon}+ \\overline{\\overline{\\epsilon}} \\right) <\/span><\/span>; de(6,7)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(9)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\epsilon^* := \\overline{\\epsilon} + \\overline{\\overline{\\epsilon}}<\/span><\/span>; Definici\u00f3n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(10)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash \\left(\\forall \\epsilon^* \\gt 0 \\right)\\left(\\exists \\delta \\gt 0 \\right) \\left(0 \\lt |x-x_0|\\lt \\delta \\rightarrow |\\alpha f(x) + \\beta g(x) - \\alpha L - \\beta M| \\lt \\epsilon^* \\right) <\/span><\/span>; de(8,9)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffff80; color:#000000\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash \\lim_{x\\to x_0} (\\alpha f(x) + \\beta g(x)) = \\alpha L + \\beta M <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(11)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\gamma:= - \\beta<\/span><\/span>; Definicion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(12)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash \\lim_{x\\to x_0} (\\alpha f(x) + \\gamma g(x)) = \\alpha L + \\gamma M <\/span><\/span>; Analog\u00eda(10)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(13)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"background-color: #ffff80; color:#000000\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash \\lim_{x\\to x_0} (\\alpha f(x) - \\beta g(x)) = \\alpha L - \\beta M <\/span><\/span><\/span>; de(11,12)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(14)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash \\lim_{x\\to x_0} (\\alpha f(x) \\pm \\beta g(x)) = \\alpha L \\pm \\beta M <\/span><\/span>; de(10,13) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>Limite del producto de funciones<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; \"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\lim_{x\\to x_0} \\left( f(x) g(x) \\right) = L M<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FEPfoAfPsFY&amp;t=2611s\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Esta demostraci\u00f3n es un poco m\u00e1s dif\u00edcil que la anterior,<\/strong><\/a> pero no es nada que no podamos resolver mediante un par de trucos draconianos. Usando el mismo conjunto de premisas <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\mathcal{H}<\/span><\/span> que la demostraci\u00f3n anterior podemos construir el siguiente razonamiento:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(1)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash \\overline{\\epsilon} := \\frac{|\\epsilon|}{2(|M|+1)} \\leq \\frac{|\\epsilon|}{2} <\/span><\/span>; Definici\u00f3n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(2)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash \\lim_{x\\to x_0} f(x) = L <\/span><\/span>; presunci\u00f3n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash \\left(\\forall \\overline{\\epsilon} \\gt 0 \\right)\\left(\\exists \\delta \\gt 0 \\right)\\left(0 \\lt |x-x_0|\\lt \\delta \\rightarrow |f(x) - L| \\lt \\overline{\\epsilon} = \\frac{|\\epsilon|}{2(|M|+1)}\\right) <\/span><\/span>; Usando (1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(3)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash \\overline{\\overline{\\epsilon}} := \\frac{|\\epsilon|}{2(|L|+1)} \\leq \\frac{|\\epsilon|}{2}<\/span><\/span>; Definici\u00f3n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(4)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash \\lim_{x\\to x_0} g(x) = M <\/span><\/span>; Presuncion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash \\left(\\forall \\overline{\\overline{\\epsilon}} \\gt 0 \\right)\\left(\\exists \\delta \\gt 0 \\right)\\left(0 \\lt |x-x_0|\\lt \\delta \\rightarrow |g(x) - M| \\lt \\overline{\\overline{\\epsilon}} = \\frac{|\\epsilon|}{2(|L|+1)}\\right) <\/span><\/span>; Usando (3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(5)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash |f(x)| - |L| \\lt<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"background-color: #a0ffff; color:#000000;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">|f(x) - L| \\lt \\overline{\\epsilon} \\lt 1 <\/span><\/span><\/span>; Desigualdad Triangular + Caso especial de <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\overline{\\epsilon}<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(6)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash |f(x)|\\lt 1 + |L| <\/span><\/span>; De(5)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(7)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash |g(x)| - |M| \\lt |g(x) - M| \\lt \\overline{\\overline{\\epsilon}} \\lt 1 <\/span><\/span>; Desigualdad Triangular + Caso especial de <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\overline{\\overline{\\epsilon}}<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(8)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash |g(x)| \\lt 1 + |M| <\/span><\/span>; De(7)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(9)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash |f(x)g(x) - LM|=|<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"background-color: #a0ffa0; color:#000000\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">f(x)g(x) - Mf(x)<\/span><\/span><\/span> <span style=\"background-color: #a0a0ff; color:#000000\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">+ Mf(x) - LM<\/span><\/span><\/span> <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">|<\/span><\/span>; Sumar cero<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash |f(x)g(x) - LM|=|<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"background-color: #a0ffa0; color:#000000\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">f(x)(g(x) - M)<\/span><\/span><\/span> <span style=\"background-color: #a0a0ff; color:#000000\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">+ M (f(x) - L)<\/span><\/span><\/span> <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">|<\/span><\/span>; Factorizar<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(10)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash |f(x)g(x) - LM|\\leq |<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"background-color: #a0ffa0; color:#000000\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">f(x)(g(x) - M)<\/span><\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">| + |<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"background-color: #a0a0ff; color:#000000\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">M (f(x) - L)<\/span><\/span><\/span> <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">|<\/span><\/span>; Desigualdad Triangular(9)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash |f(x)g(x) - LM|\\leq <\/span><\/span> <span style=\"background-color: #a0ffa0; color:#000000\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">|f(x)||g(x) - M|<\/span><\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> + <\/span><\/span> <span style=\"background-color: #a0a0ff; color:#000000\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">|M| |f(x) - L|<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(11)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash |f(x)g(x) - LM|\\lt <\/span><\/span> <span style=\"background-color: #a0ffa0; color:#000000\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(1 + |L|)|g(x) - M|<\/span><\/span><\/span><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">+<\/span><\/span> <span style=\"background-color: #a0ffff;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">|M|\\overline{\\epsilon}<\/span><\/span><\/span>; De(5,6,10)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(12)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash \\left[ |g(x) - M|\\lt \\overline{\\overline{\\epsilon}} \\right] \\rightarrow \\left[ (1+|L|)|g(x) - M| + |M|\\overline{\\epsilon} \\lt (1+|L|)\\overline{\\overline{\\epsilon}} + |M|\\overline{\\epsilon}\\right]<\/span><\/span>; De(11)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(13)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash \\left[ |g(x) - M|\\lt \\overline{\\overline{\\epsilon}} \\right] \\rightarrow \\left[ (1+|L|)|g(x) - M| + |M|\\overline{\\epsilon} \\lt (1+|L|)\\frac{|\\epsilon|}{2(|L|+1)} + |M|\\frac{|\\epsilon|}{2(|M|+1)}\\right]<\/span><\/span>; De(1,3,12)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash \\left[ |g(x) - M|\\lt \\overline{\\overline{\\epsilon}} \\right] \\rightarrow \\left[ (1+|L|)|g(x) - M| + |M|\\overline{\\epsilon} \\lt \\frac{|\\epsilon|}{2} + \\frac{|\\epsilon||M|}{2(|M|+1)} \\lt \\frac{|\\epsilon|}{2}+ \\frac{|\\epsilon|}{2} = |\\epsilon| \\right]<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(14)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash \\left[ |g(x) - M|\\lt \\overline{\\overline{\\epsilon}} \\right] \\rightarrow \\left[ |f(x)g(x) - LM|\\lt |\\epsilon| \\right]<\/span><\/span>; De(11,13)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"text-align: right;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(15)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash (\\forall \\epsilon \\gt 0 ) (\\exists \\delta \\gt 0 ) \\left(0 \\lt |x-x_0|\\lt \\delta \\rightarrow |f(x)g(x) - LM|\\lt |\\epsilon| \\leq \\epsilon \\right) <\/span><\/span>; De(1,2,4,14)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: left;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}\\vdash \\lim_{x\\to x_0}f(x)g(x) = LM.<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>L\u00edmite de la funci\u00f3n constante<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FEPfoAfPsFY&amp;t=3450s\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>El l\u00edmite de la funci\u00f3n constante<\/strong><\/a> <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">f(x)=c<\/span><\/span>, es la constante <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">c<\/span><\/span>. Es decir<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; \"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\lim_{x\\to x_0}c = c<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000080;\"><strong>Demostraci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; \">La demostraci\u00f3n de esto es en realidad sencilla, porque en realidad se trata de una tautolog\u00eda. Ya se sabe que:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; \"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\lim_{x\\to x_0}c = c := (\\forall\\epsilon\\gt 0) (\\exists \\delta \\gt 0)(0\\lt|x-x_0|\\lt \\delta \\rightarrow |c-c|\\lt \\epsilon)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; \">Pero ocurre que <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">0=|c-c|\\lt \\epsilon<\/span><\/span> es una tautolog\u00eda para todo \u00e9psilon positivo, de modo que la implicancia tambi\u00e9n es tautolog\u00eda y en consecuencia, la expresi\u00f3n <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\lim_{x\\to x_0}c = c <\/span><\/span> es tambi\u00e9n una tautolog\u00eda.<\/p>\n<h4>L\u00edmite del cociente entre funciones<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FEPfoAfPsFY&amp;t=3563s\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Ahora estamos en condiciones para demostrar la regla para el l\u00edmite del cociente entre dos funciones.<\/strong><\/a> Esta es<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; \"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\lim_{x\\to x_0}\\frac{f(x)}{g(x)}= \\frac{L}{M}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; \">Donde, al igual que en las propiedades anteriores, damos por sentado que se cumple el conjunto de premisas<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; \"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\mathcal{H}=\\{\\lim_{x\\to x_0}f(x) = L, \\lim_{x\\to x_0}g(x) = M\\}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000080;\"><strong>Demostraci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; \">Por suerte, ya no tendremos que hacer m\u00e1s demostraciones como las que hemos realizado anteriormente, porque ahora podemos usar directamente tales resultados para lograr nuestros prop\u00f3sitos. Pero antes de eso, demostremos primero que<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; \"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\lim_{x\\to x_0}\\frac{1}{g(x)} = \\frac{1}{M}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; \">Para probar esto es suficiente con usar la regla del l\u00edmite de un producto y el l\u00edmite de una funci\u00f3n constante de forma combinada, s\u00f3lo debemos tener cuidado en que <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">g(x)<\/span><\/span> no sea cero:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; \"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle 1 = \\lim_{x\\to x_0}\\left( 1 \\right) \\lim_{x\\to x_0}\\left( g(x) \\cdot \\frac{1}{g(x)} \\right) = \\lim_{x\\to x_0}g(x) \\cdot \\lim_{x\\to x_0} \\frac{1}{g(x)} = M \\cdot \\lim_{x\\to x_0} \\frac{1}{g(x)}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; \">Por lo tanto: <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\lim_{x\\to x_0} \\frac{1}{g(x)} = \\frac{1}{M}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; \">Finalmente, por la regla del l\u00edmite del producto se tiene:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; \"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\lim_{x\\to x_0} \\frac{f(x)}{g(x)} = \\lim_{x\\to x_0} f(x) \\frac{1}{g(x)}= L \\cdot\\frac{1}{M} = \\frac{L}{M}<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; \">Esto se cumplir\u00e1 siempre que <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">M<\/span><\/span> no sea cero.<\/p>\n<h4>L\u00edmite de una potencia natural<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FEPfoAfPsFY&amp;t=3725s\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Esta propiedad nos dice que,<\/strong><\/a> si <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\lim_{x_0 \\to x_0}f(x) = L<\/span><\/span>, entonces se cumplir\u00e1 que <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\left(\\forall n \\in \\mathbb{N}\\right) \\left( \\lim_{x\\to x_0} \\left( [f(x)]^n \\right) = L^n \\right)<\/span><\/span>. Esto lo podemos probar por inducci\u00f3n matem\u00e1tica.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000080;\"><strong>Demostraci\u00f3n:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify; \">\n<li><strong>Caso <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">n=1<\/span><\/span>:<\/strong> (paso inicial)\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\lim_{x\\to x_0} [f(x)]^1 = \\lim_{x\\to x_0} f(x) = L.<\/span><\/span> Esto concluye el paso inicial \u2705<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Caso <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">n=k<\/span><\/span>:<\/strong> (paso inductivo)\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Suponiendo que se cumple: <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\lim_{x\\to x_0} [f(x)]^k = L^k <\/span><\/span> (Hip\u00f3teis de Inducci\u00f3n), vamos a revisar que por lo tanto se cumple <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\lim_{x\\to x_0} [f(x)]^{k+1} = L^{k+1} <\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Se tiene que: <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\lim_{x\\to x_0} [f(x)]^{k+1} = \\lim_{x\\to x_0} \\{f(x) [f(x)]^k\\} = \\lim_{x\\to x_0}f(x) \\lim_{x\\to x_0} [f(x)]^{k} =L \\lim_{x\\to x_0} [f(x)]^{k}<\/span><\/span>. Esto \u00faltimo por la regla del l\u00edmite del producto demostrada m\u00e1s arriba.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Luego, por la hip\u00f3tesis de inducci\u00f3n se tendr\u00e1 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\lim_{x\\to x_0} [f(x)]^{k+1} = L \\lim_{x\\to x_0} [f(x)]^{k} =L\\cdot L^k = L^{k+1}.<\/span><\/span> Esto concluye el paso inductivo \u2705<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>Por lo tanto: <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\left(\\forall n \\in \\mathbb{N}\\right) \\left( \\lim_{x\\to x_0} \\left( [f(x)]^n \\right) = L^n \\right). <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>L\u00edmite de una ra\u00edz n-\u00e9sima<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FEPfoAfPsFY&amp;t=3912s\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>De forma an\u00e1loga a la potencia se cumplir\u00e1 que<\/strong><\/a> <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\left(\\forall n \\in \\mathbb{N}\\right) \\left( \\lim_{x\\to x_0} \\sqrt[n]{f(x)} = \\sqrt[n]{L} \\right) <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000080;\"><strong>Demostraci\u00f3n:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; \">Utilizando la regla de la potencia que acabamos de probar se tiene que<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; \"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle L= \\lim_{x\\to x_0} f(x)=\\lim_{x\\to x_0} \\left[\\sqrt[n]{f(x)}\\right]^n = \\left[ \\lim_{x\\to x_0} \\sqrt[n]{f(x)}\\right]^n <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; \">Por lo tanto: <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\lim_{x\\to x_0} \\sqrt[n]{f(x)} =\\sqrt[n]{L}.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h4>L\u00edmite de potencias fraccionarias<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FEPfoAfPsFY&amp;t=4007s\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Con los poderes reunidos de las \u00faltimas dos demostraciones<\/strong><\/a> podemos concluir con nuestra \u00faltima demostraci\u00f3n, esta es: <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\left(\\forall p,q\\neq 0 \\in \\mathbb{Z}\\right) \\left( \\lim_{x\\to x_0} \\left[f(x)\\right]^{\\frac{p}{q}} = L^{\\frac{p}{q}} \\right). <\/span><\/span>, que se obtiene gracias a la regla del producto porque <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle [f(x)]^{\\frac{p}{q}} =[\\sqrt[q]{f(x)}]^p <\/span><\/span> y <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle L^{\\frac{p}{q}} =[\\sqrt[q]{L}]^p. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<h4>L\u00edmite <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\lim_{x\\to x_0}x = x_0<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FEPfoAfPsFY&amp;t=4073s\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Con esta demostraci\u00f3n damos cierre a esta ola de demostraciones,<\/strong><\/a> con esta junto a las anteriores podremos en adelante calcular gran cantidad de l\u00edmites de un modo casi intuitivo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; \">Es sencillo probar que <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\lim_{x\\to x_0}x = x_0<\/span><\/span>, porque para que esto se cumpla, es necesario que<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; \"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(\\forall \\epsilon \\gt 0) (\\exists \\delta \\gt 0)(0\\lt |x-x_0|\\lt \\delta\\rightarrow |x-x_0|\\lt \\epsilon)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; \">Seg\u00fan la definici\u00f3n de L\u00edmite, para todos los \u00e9psilon debe existir por lo menos un delta para el que se cumpla todo lo dem\u00e1s; de modo que basta con encontrar uno para verificar que, en efecto, el l\u00edmite es el que se dice ser. Pero esto en realidad es algo obvio, porque basta con notar que cualquier <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\delta\\leq\\epsilon<\/span><\/span>satisface tal condici\u00f3n. Por lo tanto: <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\displaystyle \\lim_{x\\to x_0}x = x_0.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"7\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>C\u00e1lculo de l\u00edmites sencillos<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; \"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FEPfoAfPsFY&amp;t=4155s\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Gracias a todos estos teoremas que acabamos de revisar<\/strong><\/a> es que se puede calcular una gran variedad de l\u00edmites de una forma bastante intuitiva, como si simplemente evaluamos la funci\u00f3n. Aqu\u00ed puedes ver algunos ejemplos:<\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align:left; \">\n<li>\n<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">{}\\\\ \\begin{array}{rl}\n\n \\displaystyle \\lim_{x\\to 2}(x^2 + 4x) &amp; = \\displaystyle \\lim_{x\\to 2}(x^2) + \\lim_{x\\to 2}(4x) \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp; = \\displaystyle \\left(\\lim_{x\\to 2} x \\right)^2 + 4\\lim_{x\\to 2} x \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp; = (2)^2 + 8 = 12\n\n\\end{array}<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">{} \\\\ \\begin{array}{rl}\n\n\\displaystyle \\lim_{x\\to 1}\\left.\\frac{(3x-1)^2}{(x+1)^3} \\right. &amp; = \\displaystyle \\frac{(3(1)-1)^2}{((1)+1)^3} \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp; = \\displaystyle \\frac{4}{8} = \\frac{1}{2}\n\n\\end{array}\n\n<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">{} \\\\ \\begin{array}{rl}\n\n\\displaystyle \\lim_{x\\to 2} \\frac{x-2}{x^2 - 4} &amp;= \\displaystyle \\lim_{x\\to 2} \\frac{x-2}{(x-2)(x+2)} \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp; = \\displaystyle \\lim_{x\\to 2} \\frac{1}{x+2} = \\dfrac{1}{4}\n\n\\end{array}\n\n <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">{} \\\\ \\begin{array}{rl}\n\n\\displaystyle \\lim_{h\\to 0} \\frac{(x+h)^3-x^3}{h} &amp;= \\displaystyle \\lim_{h\\to 0} \\frac{x^3 + 3x^2 h + 3xh^2 -x^3}{h} \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp; = \\displaystyle\\lim_{h\\to 0} \\frac{3x^3 h + 3xh^2}{h} \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp; = \\displaystyle \\lim_{h\\to 0} 3x^2 + 3xh = 3x^2\n\n\\end{array}\n\n <\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<li><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">{} \\\\ \\begin{array}{rl}\n\n\\displaystyle \\lim_{x\\to 1} \\frac{x-1}{\\sqrt{x^2 + 3} - 2 } &amp;=\\displaystyle \\lim_{x\\to 1} \\frac{x-1}{\\sqrt{x^2 + 3} - 2 } \\frac{\\sqrt{x^2 + 3} + 2}{\\sqrt{x^2 + 3} + 2} \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp; =\\displaystyle \\lim_{x\\to 1} \\frac{(x-1)(\\sqrt{x^2 + 3} + 2)}{(x^2 + 3) - 4 } \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp; =\\displaystyle \\lim_{x\\to 1} \\frac{(x-1)(\\sqrt{x^2 + 3} + 2)}{x^2 -1 } \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp; =\\displaystyle \\lim_{x\\to 1} \\frac{(x-1)(\\sqrt{x^2 + 3} + 2)}{(x-1)(x+1) } \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp; =\\displaystyle \\lim_{x\\to 1} \\frac{\\sqrt{x^2 + 3} + 2}{ x+1 } \\\\ \\\\\n\n&amp; =\\displaystyle \\frac{2+2}{2} =2\n\n\\end{array}<\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u00edmite de Funciones de una Variable Real Resumen: En esta clase se revisa en profundidad la definici\u00f3n formal de l\u00edmite de las funciones de una variable real y, a partir de esta se demuestran las principales propiedades que conducen al \u00e1lgebra de los l\u00edmites. Objetivos de Aprendizaje: Al finalizar esta clase el estudiante ser\u00e1 capaz [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":27786,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"iawp_total_views":310,"footnotes":""},"categories":[852,563],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27644","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-calculo-diferencial","category-matematica"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>L\u00edmite de Funciones de una Variable Real - toposuranos.com\/material<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"En c\u00e1lculo, el L\u00edmite de las Funciones describe el comportamiento medida que la variable independiente se aproxima a un cierto valor dado\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/es\/limite-de-funciones-de-una-variable-real\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Limite de Funciones de una Variable Real\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"L\u00edmite de Funciones de una Variable Real. 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