{"id":27386,"date":"2021-01-27T13:00:41","date_gmt":"2021-01-27T13:00:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/?p=27386"},"modified":"2024-07-08T00:34:05","modified_gmt":"2024-07-08T00:34:05","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-4-%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%ac-%d8%a3%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/ar\/%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-4-%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%ac-%d8%a3%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 4 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"background-color:#F3F3F3; padding:20px;\">\n<center><\/p>\n<h1>\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 4 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/h1>\n<p><\/center><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em><strong>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635:<\/strong><\/br>\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0641 4 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><strong><u>\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645<\/u>:<\/strong><br \/>\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631<\/strong> \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0641\u0647\u0645<\/strong> \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0641\u0647\u0645<\/strong> \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/strong> \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642<\/strong> \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0641\u0647\u0645<\/strong> \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/strong> \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><strong>\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"#1\">\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 (PRE)<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#2\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a (SH)<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#3\">\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c (DN)<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#4\">\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 (CPI)<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<p><center><br \/>\n<iframe class=\"lazyload\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/6f_aavuC4E0\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/center>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 <strong>\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 4 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627.<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\alpha<\/span><\/span>\u060c <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\beta<\/span><\/span> \u0648<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\gamma<\/span><\/span> \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0633:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"1\"><\/a><br \/>\n<\/br><\/br><\/p>\n<h2>\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 (Pre)<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6f_aavuC4E0&amp;t=168s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637<\/span><\/strong><\/a> \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 <strong>\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c<\/strong> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash(\\alpha\\rightarrow\\alpha)<\/span><\/span>. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0648 <a href=\"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%86%d8%b8%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%af%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%b3%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%aa\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>\u0647\u0646\u0627<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\alpha\\}\\vdash \\alpha <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0633\u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0643.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"2\"><\/a><br \/>\n<\/br><\/br><\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a (SH)<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6f_aavuC4E0&amp;t=206s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a<\/span><\/strong><\/a>\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a. \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\alpha\\rightarrow\\beta), (\\beta\\rightarrow\\gamma)\\}\\vdash (\\alpha\\rightarrow\\gamma)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<table style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>(1)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\alpha<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(2)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(3)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(\\beta\\rightarrow \\gamma)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(4)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\beta<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; MP(1,2)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(5)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\gamma<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; MP(4,3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\">\u0644\u0630\u0627<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\{\\alpha,(\\alpha\\rightarrow\\beta),(\\beta\\rightarrow\\gamma)\\}\\vdash\\gamma<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\{(\\alpha\\rightarrow\\beta),(\\beta\\rightarrow\\gamma)\\}\\vdash(\\alpha\\rightarrow \\gamma)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c. \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a:<\/p>\n<table style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>(1)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\alpha, (\\alpha\\rightarrow \\beta), (\\beta\\rightarrow\\gamma)\\}\\vdash \\alpha <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(2)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\alpha, (\\alpha\\rightarrow \\beta), (\\beta\\rightarrow\\gamma)\\}\\vdash (\\alpha\\rightarrow \\beta) <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(3)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\alpha, (\\alpha\\rightarrow \\beta), (\\beta\\rightarrow\\gamma)\\}\\vdash (\\beta\\rightarrow\\gamma) <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(4)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\alpha, (\\alpha\\rightarrow \\beta), (\\beta\\rightarrow\\gamma)\\}\\vdash \\beta <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; MP(1,2)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(5)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\alpha, (\\alpha\\rightarrow \\beta), (\\beta\\rightarrow\\gamma)\\}\\vdash \\gamma <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; MP(4,3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(6)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\alpha\\rightarrow \\beta), (\\beta\\rightarrow\\gamma)\\}\\vdash (\\alpha \\rightarrow \\gamma) <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; TD(5)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"3\"><\/a><br \/>\n<\/br><\/br><\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c (DN)<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6f_aavuC4E0&amp;t=500s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c<\/span><\/strong><\/a> \u062a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621. \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\alpha\\dashv\\vdash\\neg\\neg\\alpha<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u064b:<\/p>\n<table style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>(1)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\vdash (\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\rightarrow (\\neg\\neg\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\rightarrow\\neg\\neg\\alpha))<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; A1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(2)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash ((\\neg\\neg\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\alpha)\\rightarrow(\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\neg\\alpha))<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; A3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(3)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash ((\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\neg\\alpha)\\rightarrow(\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\alpha))<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; A3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(4)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash ((\\neg\\neg\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\alpha)\\rightarrow(\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\alpha))<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; SH(2,3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(5)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\} \\vdash (\\neg\\neg\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\rightarrow\\neg\\neg\\alpha)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; RTD(1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(6)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\} \\vdash ((\\neg\\neg\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\alpha)\\rightarrow(\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\alpha))<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c(4)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(7)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\} \\vdash (\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\alpha)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; MP(5,6)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(8)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\} \\vdash \\alpha<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; RTD(7)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\">\u0644\u0630\u0627<span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\} \\vdash \\alpha <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\neg\\neg \\neg \\alpha \\} \\vdash \\neg \\alpha <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631:<\/p>\n<table style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>(1)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\neg\\neg \\neg \\alpha \\} \\vdash \\neg \\alpha <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(2)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash(\\neg\\neg \\neg \\alpha\\rightarrow \\neg \\alpha) <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; TD(1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(3)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash((\\neg\\neg \\neg \\alpha\\rightarrow \\neg \\alpha) \\rightarrow(\\alpha \\rightarrow\\neg\\neg\\alpha)) <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; A3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(4)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash(\\alpha \\rightarrow\\neg\\neg\\alpha) <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; MP(2,3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(5)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\alpha\\}\\vdash\\neg\\neg\\alpha <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; RTD(4)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\">\u0644\u0630\u0627 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\alpha \\} \\vdash \\neg\\neg \\alpha <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\alpha \\dashv\\vdash \\neg\\neg \\alpha <\/span><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"4\"><\/a><br \/>\n<\/br><\/br><\/p>\n<h2>\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 (CpI)<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6f_aavuC4E0&amp;t=948s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642<\/span><\/strong><\/a> \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta) \\dashv\\vdash (\\neg\\beta \\rightarrow \\neg\\alpha)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(\\neg\\alpha\\rightarrow\\beta)\\dashv\\vdash (\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow\\alpha)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(\\alpha\\rightarrow\\neg\\beta) \\dashv\\vdash (\\beta\\rightarrow\\neg\\alpha)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629<\/p>\n<table style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>(1)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash ((\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow \\neg\\alpha) \\rightarrow (\\alpha \\rightarrow\\beta))<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; A3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(2)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow \\neg\\alpha)\\}\\vdash (\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; RTD(1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\">\u0644\u0630\u0627 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\{(\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow \\neg\\alpha)\\}\\vdash (\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<table style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>(1)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\dashv \\vdash \\alpha<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; DN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(2)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash (\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\rightarrow \\alpha)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; TD(1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(3)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\neg\\neg\\beta \\dashv \\vdash \\beta<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; DN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(4)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash (\\beta \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg \\beta)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; TD(3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(5)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\rightarrow \\alpha)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c(2)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(6)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; Pre<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(7)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\rightarrow\\beta)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; SH(5,6)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(8)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\{(\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\} \\vdash (\\beta \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg \\beta)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c(4)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(9)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg \\beta)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; SH(7,8)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(10)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash (\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg \\beta) \\rightarrow (\\neg \\beta \\rightarrow \\neg \\alpha )<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; A3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(11)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash ((\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg \\beta) \\rightarrow (\\neg \\beta \\rightarrow \\neg \\alpha ))<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c(10)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(11)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\neg \\beta \\rightarrow \\neg \\alpha )<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; SH(10;11)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\">\u0644\u0630\u0627 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\neg \\beta \\rightarrow \\neg \\alpha )<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0644\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> (\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta) \\dashv \\vdash (\\neg \\beta \\rightarrow \\neg \\alpha ) <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<table style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>(1)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\beta \\dashv\\vdash \\neg\\neg\\beta<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; DN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(2)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\neg\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\dashv \\vdash \\neg\\alpha<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; DN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(3)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash (\\beta \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\beta)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; TD(1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(4)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash (\\neg\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\alpha)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; TD(2)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(5)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; Pre<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(6)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\beta \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\beta)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c(3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(7)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\alpha)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c(4)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(8)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\beta)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; SH(5,6)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(9)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\beta)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; SH(7,8)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(10)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash (\\neg\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\beta) \\rightarrow (\\neg\\beta \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\alpha)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; A3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(11)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash ((\\neg\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\beta) \\rightarrow (\\neg\\beta \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\alpha))<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c(10)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(12)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\beta \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\alpha)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; MP(9,11)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(13)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\dashv \\vdash \\alpha<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; DN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(14)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\vdash (\\neg\\neg \\alpha\\rightarrow \\alpha)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; TD(13)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(15)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\} \\vdash (\\neg\\neg \\alpha\\rightarrow \\alpha)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c(14)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(16)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\} \\vdash(\\neg\\beta \\rightarrow \\alpha)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; SH(12,15)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\">\u0644\u0630\u0627 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\} \\vdash(\\neg\\beta \\rightarrow \\alpha) <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<table style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>(1)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\alpha \\dashv \\vdash \\neg\\neg\\alpha<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; DN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(2)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash (\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\alpha)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; TD(1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(3)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow\\alpha)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow\\alpha)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; Pre<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(4)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow\\alpha)\\}\\vdash (\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\alpha)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c(2)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(5)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow\\alpha)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow\\neg\\neg\\alpha)<\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; SH(3,4)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(6)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash (\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow\\neg\\neg\\alpha)\\rightarrow (\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta) <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; A3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(7)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow\\alpha)\\}\\vdash ((\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow\\neg\\neg\\alpha)\\rightarrow (\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)) <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c(6)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(8)<\/td>\n<td><span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow\\alpha)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta) <\/span><\/span><\/td>\n<td>; MP(5,7)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\">\u0644\u0630\u0627 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\{(\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow\\alpha)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta) <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0646 <span dir=\"ltr\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> (\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow\\alpha) \\dashv \\vdash (\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta) <\/span><\/span>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 4 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635:\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0641 4 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643. \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645:\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0629 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":27340,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"iawp_total_views":1,"footnotes":""},"categories":[625,611,565],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27386","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-625","category-611","category-565"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 4 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 - toposuranos.com\/material<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 4 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627. \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 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