{"id":27359,"date":"2021-01-27T13:00:38","date_gmt":"2021-01-27T13:00:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/?p=27359"},"modified":"2024-07-08T00:12:16","modified_gmt":"2024-07-08T00:12:16","slug":"4-%d0%be%d0%b1%d1%8f%d0%b7%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b5%d0%bb%d1%8c%d0%bd%d1%8b%d0%b5-%d1%82%d0%b5%d1%85%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%ba%d0%b8-%d0%b4%d0%b5%d0%b4%d1%83%d0%ba%d1%86%d0%b8%d0%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/ru\/4-%d0%be%d0%b1%d1%8f%d0%b7%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b5%d0%bb%d1%8c%d0%bd%d1%8b%d0%b5-%d1%82%d0%b5%d1%85%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%ba%d0%b8-%d0%b4%d0%b5%d0%b4%d1%83%d0%ba%d1%86%d0%b8%d0%b8\/","title":{"rendered":"4 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"background-color:#F3F3F3; padding:20px;\">\n<center><\/p>\n<h1>\u0418\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435 4 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/h1>\n<p><\/center><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u044e\u043c\u0435:<\/strong><\/br>\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f 4 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043c \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0433\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><strong><u>\u0426\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/u>:<\/strong><br \/>\u041f\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0417\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong> \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c<\/strong> \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c<\/strong> \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0433\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043b\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0441.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong> \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0435.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong> \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c<\/strong> \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0435.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0417\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong> \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0434\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><strong>\u0421\u041e\u0414\u0415\u0420\u0416\u0410\u041d\u0418\u0415<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"#1\">\u041f\u0420\u0410\u0412\u0418\u041b\u041e \u041f\u0420\u0415\u0414\u041f\u041e\u041b\u041e\u0416\u0415\u041d\u0418\u042f (PRE)<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#2\">\u0413\u0418\u041f\u041e\u0422\u0415\u0422\u0418\u0427\u0415\u0421\u041a\u0418\u0419 \u0421\u0418\u041b\u041b\u041e\u0413\u0418\u0417\u041c (SH)<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#3\">\u042d\u041a\u0412\u0418\u0412\u0410\u041b\u0415\u041d\u0422\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422\u0418 \u0414\u0412\u041e\u0419\u041d\u041e\u0413\u041e \u041e\u0422\u0420\u0418\u0426\u0410\u041d\u0418\u042f (DN)<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#4\">\u042d\u041a\u0412\u0418\u0412\u0410\u041b\u0415\u041d\u0422\u041d\u041e\u0421\u0422\u042c \u041a\u041e\u041d\u0422\u0420\u0410\u041f\u041e\u0417\u0418\u0426\u0418\u0418 \u0418\u041c\u041f\u041b\u0418\u041a\u0410\u0426\u0418\u0418 (CPI)<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<p><center><br \/>\n<iframe class=\"lazyload\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/6f_aavuC4E0\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/center>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u041c\u044b \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b. \u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043c\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 <strong>\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044f \u0441 4 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0438.<\/strong> \u0411\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\alpha<\/span>, <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\beta<\/span> \u0438 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\gamma<\/span> \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"1\"><\/a><br \/>\n<\/br><\/br><\/p>\n<h2>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (Pre)<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6f_aavuC4E0&amp;t=168s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0421\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/span><\/strong><\/a> \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041e\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 <strong>\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0434\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/strong> \u043a \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash(\\alpha\\rightarrow\\alpha)<\/span>. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0432\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a, \u0432\u0441\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f <a href=\"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/ru\/%d1%84%d0%be%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%b0%d0%bb%d1%8c%d0%bd%d1%8b%d0%b5-%d0%b4%d0%b5%d0%b4%d1%83%d0%ba%d1%82%d0%b8%d0%b2%d0%bd%d1%8b%d0%b5-%d1%81%d0%b8%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b5%d0%bc%d1%8b-%d0%be%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b5\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\alpha\\}\\vdash \\alpha <\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0412 \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043c \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"2\"><\/a><br \/>\n<\/br><\/br><\/p>\n<h2>\u0413\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0421\u0438\u043b\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0437\u043c (SH)<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6f_aavuC4E0&amp;t=206s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0413\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0437\u043c<\/span><\/strong><\/a>, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u044d\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0441. \u0415\u0433\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\alpha\\rightarrow\\beta), (\\beta\\rightarrow\\gamma)\\}\\vdash (\\alpha\\rightarrow\\gamma)<\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0421\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0443 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/p>\n<table style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>(1)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\alpha<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u041f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(2)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u041f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(3)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(\\beta\\rightarrow \\gamma)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u041f\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(4)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\beta<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; MP(1,2)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(5)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\gamma<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; MP(4,3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\">\u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\alpha,(\\alpha\\rightarrow\\beta),(\\beta\\rightarrow\\gamma)\\}\\vdash\\gamma<\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u041d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\{(\\alpha\\rightarrow\\beta),(\\beta\\rightarrow\\gamma)\\}\\vdash(\\alpha\\rightarrow \\gamma)<\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0415\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439:<\/p>\n<table style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>(1)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\alpha, (\\alpha\\rightarrow \\beta), (\\beta\\rightarrow\\gamma)\\}\\vdash \\alpha <\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(2)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\alpha, (\\alpha\\rightarrow \\beta), (\\beta\\rightarrow\\gamma)\\}\\vdash (\\alpha\\rightarrow \\beta) <\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(3)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\alpha, (\\alpha\\rightarrow \\beta), (\\beta\\rightarrow\\gamma)\\}\\vdash (\\beta\\rightarrow\\gamma) <\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(4)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\alpha, (\\alpha\\rightarrow \\beta), (\\beta\\rightarrow\\gamma)\\}\\vdash \\beta <\/span><\/td>\n<td>; MP(1,2)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(5)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\alpha, (\\alpha\\rightarrow \\beta), (\\beta\\rightarrow\\gamma)\\}\\vdash \\gamma <\/span><\/td>\n<td>; MP(4,3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(6)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\alpha\\rightarrow \\beta), (\\beta\\rightarrow\\gamma)\\}\\vdash (\\alpha \\rightarrow \\gamma) <\/span><\/td>\n<td>; TD(5)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0412\u044b \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0445. \u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0432\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044f \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0430\u043c \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"3\"><\/a><br \/>\n<\/br><\/br><\/p>\n<h2>\u042d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0414\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (DN)<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6f_aavuC4E0&amp;t=500s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u042d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/span><\/strong><\/a> \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u042d\u0442\u043e, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\alpha\\dashv\\vdash\\neg\\neg\\alpha<\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e:<\/p>\n<table style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>(1)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\vdash (\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\rightarrow (\\neg\\neg\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\rightarrow\\neg\\neg\\alpha))<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; A1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(2)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash ((\\neg\\neg\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\alpha)\\rightarrow(\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\neg\\alpha))<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; A3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(3)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash ((\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\neg\\alpha)\\rightarrow(\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\alpha))<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; A3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(4)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash ((\\neg\\neg\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\alpha)\\rightarrow(\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\alpha))<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; SH(2,3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(5)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\} \\vdash (\\neg\\neg\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\rightarrow\\neg\\neg\\alpha)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; RTD(1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(6)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\} \\vdash ((\\neg\\neg\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\alpha)\\rightarrow(\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\alpha))<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u041c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c(4)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(7)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\} \\vdash (\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\alpha)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; MP(5,6)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(8)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\} \\vdash \\alpha<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; RTD(7)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\">\u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\} \\vdash \\alpha <\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u043c\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0432 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u044e \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\neg\\neg \\neg \\alpha \\} \\vdash \\neg \\alpha <\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0418 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438:<\/p>\n<table style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>(1)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\neg\\neg \\neg \\alpha \\} \\vdash \\neg \\alpha <\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u0422\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(2)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash(\\neg\\neg \\neg \\alpha\\rightarrow \\neg \\alpha) <\/span><\/td>\n<td>; TD(1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(3)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash((\\neg\\neg \\neg \\alpha\\rightarrow \\neg \\alpha) \\rightarrow(\\alpha \\rightarrow\\neg\\neg\\alpha)) <\/span><\/td>\n<td>; A3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(4)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash(\\alpha \\rightarrow\\neg\\neg\\alpha) <\/span><\/td>\n<td>; MP(2,3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(5)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\alpha\\}\\vdash\\neg\\neg\\alpha <\/span><\/td>\n<td>; RTD(4)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\">\u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\alpha \\} \\vdash \\neg\\neg \\alpha <\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u041d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446, \u0438\u0437 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\alpha \\dashv\\vdash \\neg\\neg \\alpha <\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"4\"><\/a><br \/>\n<\/br><\/br><\/p>\n<h2>\u042d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0418\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (CpI)<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6f_aavuC4E0&amp;t=948s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442<\/span><\/strong><\/a> \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta) \\dashv\\vdash (\\neg\\beta \\rightarrow \\neg\\alpha)<\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(\\neg\\alpha\\rightarrow\\beta)\\dashv\\vdash (\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow\\alpha)<\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(\\alpha\\rightarrow\\neg\\beta) \\dashv\\vdash (\\beta\\rightarrow\\neg\\alpha)<\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0414\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0421 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b, \u043e\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u0435\u0439 \u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043c\u044b<\/p>\n<table style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>(1)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash ((\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow \\neg\\alpha) \\rightarrow (\\alpha \\rightarrow\\beta))<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; A3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(2)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow \\neg\\alpha)\\}\\vdash (\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; RTD(1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\">\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\{(\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow \\neg\\alpha)\\}\\vdash (\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)<\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0418 \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b, \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/p>\n<table style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>(1)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\dashv \\vdash \\alpha<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; DN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(2)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash (\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\rightarrow \\alpha)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; TD(1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(3)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\neg\\neg\\beta \\dashv \\vdash \\beta<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; DN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(4)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash (\\beta \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg \\beta)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; TD(3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(5)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\rightarrow \\alpha)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; Mon(2)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(6)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; Pre<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(7)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\rightarrow\\beta)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; SH(5,6)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(8)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\{(\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\} \\vdash (\\beta \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg \\beta)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; Mon(4)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(9)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg \\beta)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; SH(7,8)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(10)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash (\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg \\beta) \\rightarrow (\\neg \\beta \\rightarrow \\neg \\alpha )<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; A3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(11)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash ((\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg \\beta) \\rightarrow (\\neg \\beta \\rightarrow \\neg \\alpha ))<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; Mon(10)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(12)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\neg \\beta \\rightarrow \\neg \\alpha )<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; SH(10;11)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\">\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\neg \\beta \\rightarrow \\neg \\alpha )<\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> (\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta) \\dashv\\vdash (\\neg \\beta \\rightarrow \\neg \\alpha ) <\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/p>\n<table style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>(1)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\beta \\dashv\\vdash \\neg\\neg\\beta<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; DN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(2)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\neg\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\dashv\\vdash \\neg\\alpha<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; DN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(3)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash (\\beta \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\beta)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; TD(1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(4)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash (\\neg\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\alpha)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; TD(2)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(5)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; Pre<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(6)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\beta \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\beta)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; Mon(3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(7)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\alpha)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; Mon(4)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(8)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\beta)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; SH(5,6)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(9)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\beta)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; SH(7,8)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(10)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash (\\neg\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\beta) \\rightarrow (\\neg\\beta \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\alpha)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; A3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(11)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash ((\\neg\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\beta) \\rightarrow (\\neg\\beta \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\alpha))<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; Mon(10)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(12)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\beta \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\alpha)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; MP(9,11)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(13)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\dashv \\vdash \\alpha<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; DN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(14)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\vdash (\\neg\\neg \\alpha\\rightarrow \\alpha)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; TD(13)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(15)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\} \\vdash (\\neg\\neg \\alpha\\rightarrow \\alpha)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; Mon(14)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(16)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\} \\vdash(\\neg\\beta \\rightarrow \\alpha)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; SH(12,15)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\">\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\} \\vdash(\\neg\\beta \\rightarrow \\alpha) <\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u041c\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/p>\n<table style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>(1)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\alpha \\dashv \\vdash \\neg\\neg\\alpha<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; DN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(2)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash (\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\alpha)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; TD(1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(3)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow\\alpha)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow\\alpha)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; Pre<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(4)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow\\alpha)\\}\\vdash (\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\alpha)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; Mon(2)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(5)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow\\alpha)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow\\neg\\neg\\alpha)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; SH(3,4)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(6)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash (\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow\\neg\\neg\\alpha)\\rightarrow (\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta) <\/span><\/td>\n<td>; A3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(7)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow\\alpha)\\}\\vdash ((\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow\\neg\\neg\\alpha)\\rightarrow (\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)) <\/span><\/td>\n<td>; Mon(6)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(8)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow\\alpha)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta) <\/span><\/td>\n<td>; MP(5,7)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\">\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\{(\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow\\alpha)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta) <\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u041d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446, \u0438\u0437 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> (\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow\\alpha) \\dashv \\vdash (\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta) <\/span>, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0435, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u044f \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0418\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435 4 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0420\u0435\u0437\u044e\u043c\u0435:\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f 4 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043c \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0433\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0426\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f:\u041f\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":27340,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"iawp_total_views":6,"footnotes":""},"categories":[573,615,629],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27359","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-573","category-615","category-629"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>4 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 - toposuranos.com\/material<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" 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