{"id":27354,"date":"2021-01-27T13:00:01","date_gmt":"2021-01-27T13:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/?p=27354"},"modified":"2024-07-07T23:47:16","modified_gmt":"2024-07-07T23:47:16","slug":"%e0%a4%85%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b9%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%af-4-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%9f%e0%a5%8c%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%85%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%b9%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%af-4-%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%9f%e0%a5%8c%e0%a4%a4%e0%a5%80-%e0%a4%a4%e0%a4%95%e0%a4%a8%e0%a5%80%e0%a4%95%e0%a5%87%e0%a4%82\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0905\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f 4 \u0915\u091f\u094c\u0924\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0947\u0902"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"background-color:#F3F3F3; padding:20px;\">\n<center><\/p>\n<h1>4 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0947\u0902<\/h1>\n<p><\/center><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><em><strong>\u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0936:<\/strong><\/br>\u0907\u0938 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0939\u092e 4 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0905\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964 \u0939\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u094b\u0928\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925, \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u092a\u094b\u0925\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u0907\u0932\u094b\u091c\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0939\u092e \u0921\u092c\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0932\u094b\u092e \u0915\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><strong><u>\u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f<\/u>:<\/strong><br \/>\u0907\u0938 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u091b\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u092f\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0938\u092e\u091d\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0938\u092e\u091d\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0939\u093e\u0907\u092a\u094b\u0925\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u0907\u0932\u094b\u091c\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u0938 \u092a\u094b\u0928\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u092e\u094b\u0928\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0938\u092e\u091d\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0921\u092c\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0932\u094b\u092e\u0964<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align:center;\"><strong>\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"#1\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (PRE)<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#2\">\u0939\u093e\u0907\u092a\u094b\u0925\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u0907\u0932\u094b\u091c\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092e (SH)<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#3\">\u0921\u092c\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e (DN)<\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"#4\">\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0932\u094b\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e (CPI)<\/a>\n<\/p>\n<p><center><br \/>\n<iframe class=\"lazyload\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/6f_aavuC4E0\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/center>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0905\u092c \u0939\u092e \u0907\u0928 \u091c\u094d\u091e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 <strong>4 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947, \u0939\u092e \u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0947 \u091a\u0940\u091c\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0939\u092e \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u093e \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930 \u0932\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u0940\u0964<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\"><strong>\u092f\u0926\u093f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\alpha<\/span>, <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\beta<\/span> \u0914\u0930 <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\gamma<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"1\"><\/a><br \/>\n<\/br><\/br><\/p>\n<h2>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e (Pre)<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6f_aavuC4E0&amp;t=168s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/span><\/strong><\/a> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f \u0915\u0947 <strong>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0932\u094b\u092e<\/strong> \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash(\\alpha\\rightarrow\\alpha)<\/span> \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u094b \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0932\u0917\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0906\u092a\u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092d\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0935\u0939 <a href=\"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0902<\/strong><\/a> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\alpha\\}\\vdash \\alpha <\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u092e\u094b\u0928\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930, \u092f\u0939 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u094b \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u091c\u0928\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"2\"><\/a><br \/>\n<\/br><\/br><\/p>\n<h2>\u0939\u093e\u0907\u092a\u094b\u0925\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u0907\u0932\u094b\u091c\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092e (SH)<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6f_aavuC4E0&amp;t=206s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0939\u093e\u0907\u092a\u094b\u0925\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u0907\u0932\u094b\u091c\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092e<\/span><\/strong><\/a>, \u092f\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u0930\u0923\u0924\u093e, \u092e\u094b\u0921\u0938 \u092a\u094b\u0928\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0938\u0942\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\alpha\\rightarrow\\beta), (\\beta\\rightarrow\\gamma)\\}\\vdash (\\alpha\\rightarrow\\gamma)<\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0907\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0939\u092e \u091c\u0932\u094d\u0926 \u0939\u0940 \u0909\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u092f\u0926\u093f \u0939\u092e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e:<\/p>\n<table style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>(1)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\alpha<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(2)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(3)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(\\beta\\rightarrow \\gamma)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(4)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\beta<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; MP(1,2)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(5)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\gamma<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; MP(4,3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\">\u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f<span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\{\\alpha,(\\alpha\\rightarrow\\beta),(\\beta\\rightarrow\\gamma)\\}\\vdash\\gamma<\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0907\u0938 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f \u0915\u094b \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947, \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\{(\\alpha\\rightarrow\\beta),(\\beta\\rightarrow\\gamma)\\}\\vdash(\\alpha\\rightarrow \\gamma)<\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0907\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u0928\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902:<\/p>\n<table style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>(1)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\alpha, (\\alpha\\rightarrow \\beta), (\\beta\\rightarrow\u03b3)\\}\\vdash \\alpha <\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u0928\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093f\u091f\u0940<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(2)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\alpha, (\\alpha\\rightarrow \\beta), (\\beta\\rightarrow\u03b3)\\}\\vdash (\\alpha\\rightarrow \\beta) <\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u0928\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093f\u091f\u0940<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(3)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\alpha, (\\alpha\\rightarrow \\beta), (\\beta\\rightarrow\u03b3)\\}\\vdash (\\beta\\rightarrow\u03b3) <\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u0928\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093f\u091f\u0940<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(4)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\alpha, (\\alpha\\rightarrow \\beta), (\\beta\\rightarrow\u03b3)\\}\\vdash \\beta <\/span><\/td>\n<td>; MP(1,2)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(5)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\alpha, (\\alpha\\rightarrow \\beta), (\\beta\\rightarrow\u03b3)\\}\\vdash \u03b3 <\/span><\/td>\n<td>; MP(4,3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(6)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\alpha\\rightarrow \\beta), (\\beta\\rightarrow\u03b3)\\}\\vdash (\\alpha \\rightarrow \u03b3) <\/span><\/td>\n<td>; TD(5)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0936\u0948\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0938\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0906\u092a \u091c\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u094b, \u0909\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0936\u0948\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0940-\u092c\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"3\"><\/a><br \/>\n<\/br><\/br><\/p>\n<h2>\u0921\u092c\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e (DN)<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6f_aavuC4E0&amp;t=500s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u0921\u092c\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e<\/span><\/strong><\/a> \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0921\u092c\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0909\u0938\u0940 \u0915\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\alpha\\dashv\\vdash\\neg\\neg\\alpha<\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0905\u092c \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<table style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>(1)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\vdash (\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\rightarrow (\\neg\\neg\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\rightarrow\\neg\\neg\\alpha))<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; A1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(2)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash ((\\neg\\neg\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\alpha)\\rightarrow(\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\neg\\alpha))<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; A3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(3)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash ((\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\neg\\alpha)\\rightarrow(\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\alpha))<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; A3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(4)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash ((\\neg\\neg\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\alpha)\\rightarrow(\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\alpha))<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; SH(2,3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(5)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\} \\vdash (\\neg\\neg\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\rightarrow\\neg\\neg\\alpha)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; RTD(1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(6)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\} \\vdash ((\\neg\\neg\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\alpha)\\rightarrow(\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\alpha))<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u092e\u094b\u0928\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093f\u091f\u0940(4)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(7)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\} \\vdash (\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\alpha)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; MP(5,6)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(8)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\} \\vdash \\alpha<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; RTD(7)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\">\u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f<span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\} \\vdash \\alpha <\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0939\u092e \u0907\u0938 \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\neg\\neg \\neg \\alpha \\} \\vdash \\neg \\alpha <\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u092e \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<table style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>(1)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\neg\\neg \\neg \\alpha \\} \\vdash \\neg \\alpha <\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(2)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash(\\neg\\neg \\neg \\alpha\\rightarrow \\neg \\alpha) <\/span><\/td>\n<td>; TD(1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(3)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash((\\neg\\neg \\neg \\alpha\\rightarrow \\neg \\alpha) \\rightarrow(\\alpha \\rightarrow\\neg\\neg\\alpha)) <\/span><\/td>\n<td>; A3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(4)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash(\\alpha \\rightarrow\\neg\\neg\\alpha) <\/span><\/td>\n<td>; MP(2,3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(5)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\alpha\\}\\vdash\\neg\\neg\\alpha <\/span><\/td>\n<td>; RTD(4)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\">\u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{\\alpha \\} \\vdash \\neg\\neg \\alpha <\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0907\u0928 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947, \u0939\u092e \u092a\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\alpha \\dashv\\vdash \\neg\\neg \\alpha <\/span>\u0964<\/p>\n<p><a name=\"4\"><\/a><br \/>\n<\/br><\/br><\/p>\n<h2>\u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0932\u094b\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e (CpI)<\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6f_aavuC4E0&amp;t=948s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">\u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948<\/span><\/strong><\/a> \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta) \\dashv\\vdash (\\neg\\beta \\rightarrow \\neg\\alpha)<\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\n(\\neg\\alpha\\rightarrow\\beta)\\dashv\\vdash (\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow\\alpha)<\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">(\\alpha\\rightarrow\\neg\\beta) \\dashv\\vdash (\\beta\\rightarrow\\neg\\alpha)<\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u0940 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u090f\u0915 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u0938\u0947, \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u092f\u0902\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n<table style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>(1)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash ((\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow \\neg\\alpha) \\rightarrow (\\alpha \\rightarrow\\beta))<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; A3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(2)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow \\neg\\alpha)\\}\\vdash (\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; RTD(1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\">\u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\{(\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow \\neg\\alpha)\\}\\vdash (\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)<\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<table style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>(1)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\dashv \\vdash \\alpha<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; DN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(2)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash (\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\rightarrow \\alpha)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; TD(1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(3)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\neg\\neg\\beta \\dashv \\vdash \\beta<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; DN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(4)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash (\\beta \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg \\beta)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; TD(3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(5)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\rightarrow \\alpha)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u092e\u094b\u0928\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093f\u091f\u0940(2)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(6)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0936\u0928<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(7)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\rightarrow\\beta)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; SH(5,6)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(8)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\{(\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\} \\vdash (\\beta \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg \\beta)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u092e\u094b\u0928\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093f\u091f\u0940(4)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(9)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg \\beta)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; SH(7,8)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(10)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash (\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg \\beta) \\rightarrow (\\neg \\beta \\rightarrow \\neg \\alpha )<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; A3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(11)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash ((\\neg\\neg \\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg \\beta) \\rightarrow (\\neg \\beta \\rightarrow \\neg \\alpha ))<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u092e\u094b\u0928\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093f\u091f\u0940(10)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(11)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\neg \\beta \\rightarrow \\neg \\alpha )<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; SH(10;11)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\">\u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\neg \\beta \\rightarrow \\neg \\alpha )<\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0947 \u0926\u094b \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947, \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\"><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> (\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta) \\dashv\\vdash (\\neg \\beta \\rightarrow \\neg \\alpha ) <\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0939\u092e \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0926\u094b \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<table style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>(1)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\beta \\dashv\\vdash \\neg\\neg\\beta<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; DN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(2)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\neg\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\dashv\\vdash \\neg\\alpha<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; DN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(3)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash (\\beta \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\beta)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; TD(1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(4)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash (\\neg\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\alpha)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; TD(2)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(5)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0936\u0928<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(6)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\beta \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\beta)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u092e\u094b\u0928\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093f\u091f\u0940(3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(7)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\alpha)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u092e\u094b\u0928\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093f\u091f\u0940(4)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(8)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\beta)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; SH(5,6)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(9)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\beta)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; SH(7,8)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(10)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash (\\neg\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\beta) \\rightarrow (\\neg\\beta \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\alpha)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; A3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(11)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash ((\\neg\\neg\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\beta) \\rightarrow (\\neg\\beta \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\alpha))<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u092e\u094b\u0928\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093f\u091f\u0940(10)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(12)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\beta \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\alpha)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; MP(9,11)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(13)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\neg\\neg\\alpha\\dashv \\vdash \\alpha<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; DN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(14)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\vdash (\\neg\\neg\\alpha\\rightarrow \\alpha)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; TD(13)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(15)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\} \\vdash (\\neg\\neg\\alpha\\rightarrow \\alpha)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u092e\u094b\u0928\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093f\u091f\u0940(14)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(16)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\} \\vdash(\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow \\alpha)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; SH(12,15)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\">\u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\} \\vdash(\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow \\alpha) <\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0905\u092c \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964 \u0939\u092e \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<table style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>(1)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\alpha \\dashv \\vdash \\neg\\neg\\alpha<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; DN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(2)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash (\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\alpha)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; TD(1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(3)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow\\alpha)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow\\alpha)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0936\u0928<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(4)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow\\alpha)\\}\\vdash (\\alpha \\rightarrow \\neg\\neg\\alpha)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u092e\u094b\u0928\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093f\u091f\u0940(2)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(5)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow\\alpha)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow\\neg\\neg\\alpha)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; SH(3,4)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(6)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\vdash (\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow\\neg\\neg\\alpha)\\rightarrow (\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta) <\/span><\/td>\n<td>; A3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(7)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow\\alpha)\\}\\vdash ((\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow\\neg\\neg\\alpha)\\rightarrow (\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)) <\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u092e\u094b\u0928\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093f\u091f\u0940(6)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(8)<\/td>\n<td><span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\">\\{(\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow\\alpha)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta) <\/span><\/td>\n<td>; MP(5,7)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; color: #000000;\">\u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> \\{(\\neg\\beta\\rightarrow\\alpha)\\}\\vdash (\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta) <\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0905\u0902\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0907\u0928 \u0926\u094b \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947, \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f <span class=\"katex-eq\" data-katex-display=\"false\"> (\\neg \\beta\\rightarrow\\alpha) \\dashv \\vdash (\\neg\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta) <\/span>\u0964<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0938\u092e\u0924\u0941\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092d\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0906\u092a \u0926\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0930\u0924 \u0939\u093e\u0938\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>4 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0940\u0916\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0936:\u0907\u0938 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0939\u092e 4 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0905\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964 \u0939\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u092e\u094d\u092a\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u092e\u094b\u0928\u094b\u091f\u094b\u0928\u093f\u0915\u093f\u091f\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925, \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u092a\u094b\u0925\u0947\u091f\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u0907\u0932\u094b\u091c\u093f\u091c\u094d\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":27340,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"iawp_total_views":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[577,613,627],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-27354","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-577","category-613","category-627"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0905\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f 4 \u0915\u091f\u094c\u0924\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0947\u0902 - toposuranos.com\/material<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915\u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 4 \u0915\u091f\u094c\u0924\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0947\u0902 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