\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 – \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0917\u093e\u0907\u0921<\/title><\/head><body><\/p>\n<div style=\"background-color:#F3F3F3; padding:20px;\">\n<h1 style=\"text-align:center;\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/h1>\n\u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0936:<\/strong><\/br>\u0907\u0938 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0907\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0921\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0928 \u0921\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e, \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0964 \u0141ukasiewicz \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094b\u0926\u0941\u0938 \u092a\u094b\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u093e\u0935\u093e, \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/em><\/p>\n\u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094d\u092f:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0938\u092e\u091d\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0141ukasiewicz \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u0938\u092e\u091d\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u094b\u0926\u0941\u0938 \u092a\u094b\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0938\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u0938\u092e\u091d\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0913\u0902, \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u0938\u092e\u091d\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/li>\n<li>\u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f\u0964<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940<\/u>:<\/strong> \n<a href=\"#1\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/a> \n<a href=\"#2\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0141ukasiewicz \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/a> \n<a href=\"#3\">\u092e\u094b\u0926\u0941\u0938 \u092a\u094b\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0938: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0928<\/a> \n<a href=\"#4\">\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/a> \n<a href=\"#5\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/a> \n<a href=\"#6\">\u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0938\u092e\u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e<\/a> \n<a href=\"#7\">(\u092e\u0947\u091f\u093e) \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/a> \n<a href=\"#8\">\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0932\u091f\u093e<\/a> \n<a href=\"#9\">\u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/a> \n<a href=\"#10\">\u0938\u092e\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/a> \n<a href=\"#11\">\u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u091a\u093f\u0902\u0924\u0928<\/a>\n<\/p>\n <center> \n<iframe class=\"lazyload\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/OvoEDefcSZg\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/center>\n <\/div>\n\u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0939\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u093c \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092d\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0935\u0939 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u091f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0939\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u092a\u0930 \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0906\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0916 \u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902; \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0917\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0915\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n\u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u0905\u092c \u0939\u092e \u091c\u093e\u0902\u091a \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0906\u092a\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964 \u0907\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940<\/strong> \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<a name=\"1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/h2>\n\u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901, \u092f\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901, \u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u092c\u0928\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol style=\"color: #000000; text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u090f\u0915 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>\u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u0964<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\u0939\u092e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0940 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091a\u0940\u091c\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u091a\u0941\u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0905\u092c \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u092e <a href=\"https:\/\/es.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jan_%C5%81ukasiewicz\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0141ukasiewicz<\/a> \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902<\/strong> \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u092e \u092e\u094b\u0921\u0938 \u092a\u094b\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0938<\/strong> \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/p>\n<a name=\"2\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0141ukasiewicz \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0902<\/h2>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=OvoEDefcSZg&t=206s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u092f\u0926\u093f \\alpha, \\beta<\/span> \u0914\u0930 \\gamma<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u0948\u0902,<\/span><\/strong><\/a> \u0924\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"color: #000000;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>[A1]<\/td>\n<td>(\\alpha \\rightarrow (\\beta \\rightarrow \\alpha))<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>[A2]<\/td>\n<td>((\\alpha \\rightarrow (\\beta \\rightarrow \\gamma))\\rightarrow ((\\alpha\\rightarrow \\beta)\\rightarrow(\\alpha \\rightarrow \\gamma)))<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>[A3]<\/td>\n<td>((\\neg\\beta \\rightarrow \\neg\\alpha)\\rightarrow(\\alpha\\rightarrow \\beta))<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<a name=\"3\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u092e\u094b\u0921\u0938 \u092a\u094b\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0938: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0928<\/h2>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=OvoEDefcSZg&t=392s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u092f\u0926\u093f \\alpha<\/span> \u0914\u0930 \\beta<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u0948\u0902,<\/span> <\/strong><\/a>\u0924\u094b \u092e\u094b\u0921\u0938 \u092a\u094b\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \\alpha<\/span> \u0914\u0930 (\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)<\/span> \u0938\u0947 \\beta<\/span> \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"color: #000000; text-align: justify;\">\n<caption>\u092e\u094b\u0921\u0938 \u092a\u094b\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>(1)<\/td>\n<td>\\alpha<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(2)<\/td>\n<td>(\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(3)<\/td>\n<td>\\beta<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; MP(1,2)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u0938 \u092a\u094b\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0926\u092e\u094b\u0902 (1) \u0914\u0930 (2) \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u00abMP(1,2)\u00bb \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0928\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n\u0905\u0924\u0903 \\{\\alpha, (\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\}\\vdash \\beta <\/span>\n\u0939\u092e \u091c\u0932\u094d\u0926 \u0939\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0915\u093f \u0141ukasiewicz \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u0938 \u092a\u094b\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915<\/strong> \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0928\u0940\u0902\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<a name=\"4\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935<\/h2>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=OvoEDefcSZg&t=506s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915<\/span><\/strong><\/a> (\u092f\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937) \u091a\u0932\u093e\u090f \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092f\u093e \u0924\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u091c\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0141ukasiewicz \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u0938 \u092a\u094b\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0928 \u0924\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0928 \u0939\u0940 \u0909\u0928\u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903, \u091c\u092c \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \\Gamma<\/span> \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \\alpha<\/span> \u091c\u094b \\Gamma<\/span> \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935, \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u0938 \u092a\u094b\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0939\u092e \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u00ab\\Gamma \\vdash \\alpha<\/span>\u00bb \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f<\/p>\n\\Gamma<\/span> \u0938\u0947 <\/em>\\alpha<\/span> \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948<\/p>\n\u092f\u0926\u093f \\Gamma<\/span> \u090f\u0915 \u0916\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u00ab\\emptyset\\vdash \\alpha<\/span>\u00bb \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u0939\u092e \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u00ab \\vdash \\alpha <\/span>.\u00bb \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u00ab\\alpha<\/span> \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f \u0939\u0948\u0964\u00bb \u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093e \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0927\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092d\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093f, \u0905\u0917\u0930 \\alpha<\/span>, \\beta<\/span> \u0914\u0930 \\gamma<\/span> \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0141ukasiewicz \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/p>\n<table style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>[A1]<\/td>\n<td>\\vdash (\\alpha \\rightarrow (\\beta \\rightarrow \\alpha))<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>[A2]<\/td>\n<td>\\vdash((\\alpha \\rightarrow (\\beta \\rightarrow \u03b3))\\rightarrow ((\\alpha\\rightarrow \u03b2)\\rightarrow(\\alpha \\rightarrow \u03b3)))<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>[A3]<\/td>\n<td>\\vdash((\\neg\u03b2 \\rightarrow \\neg\\alpha)\\rightarrow(\\alpha\\rightarrow \u03b1))<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0903 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0925\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f \u0935\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0936\u0942\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092f\u093e \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<a name=\"5\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/h2>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=OvoEDefcSZg&t=783s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u092e \u0925\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u0930\u094d\u091a\u093e \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0913\u0930 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/span><\/strong><\/a> \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948; \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f \u092c\u093e\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0939\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0902, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f, \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u091c\u093c\u0930\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0906\u092a \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0916\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0925\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0930\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n\u0925\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0930\u092e<\/strong><\/p>\n\u092f\u0926\u093f \\alpha<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f<\/p>\n\\vdash (\\alpha\\rightarrow \\alpha)<\/span>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928<\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>(1)<\/td>\n<td> (\\alpha\\rightarrow ( \\alpha \\rightarrow \\alpha)) <\/span><\/td>\n<td>; A1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(2)<\/td>\n<td> (\\alpha\\rightarrow ((\\alpha\\rightarrow \\alpha)\\rightarrow\\alpha)) <\/span><\/td>\n<td>; A1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(3)<\/td>\n<td> ( (\\alpha\\rightarrow((\\alpha\\rightarrow\\alpha)\\rightarrow\\alpha)) \\rightarrow ((\\alpha\\rightarrow (\\alpha\\rightarrow\\alpha))\\rightarrow( \\alpha\\rightarrow \\alpha))) <\/span><\/td>\n<td>; A2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(4)<\/td>\n<td> ((\\alpha\\rightarrow (\\alpha\\rightarrow\\alpha))\\rightarrow( \\alpha\\rightarrow \\alpha)) <\/span><\/td>\n<td>; MP(2,3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(5)<\/td>\n<td> ( \\alpha\\rightarrow \\alpha) <\/span><\/td>\n<td>; MP(1,5)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\u0905\u0924\u0903 \\vdash (\\alpha\\rightarrow\\alpha)<\/span>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0964<\/p>\n\u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0924\u0941\u091a\u094d\u091b \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\u0905\u092c, \u0907\u0928 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093f\u0930 \u0915\u0942\u0926\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947, \u0939\u092e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0917\u0941\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u091c\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0926 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0947, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0939\u092e \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u094b \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u092f\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<a name=\"6\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923\u093e<\/h2>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=OvoEDefcSZg&t=1191s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u092f\u0926\u093f \\alpha<\/span> \u0914\u0930 \\beta<\/span> \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930<\/span> <\/strong><\/a>\u0938\u093e\u0925-\u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \\{\\alpha\\}\\vdash \\beta<\/span> \u0914\u0930 \\{\\beta\\} \\vdash \\alpha<\/span>, \u0924\u094b \u0915\u0939\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \\alpha<\/span> \u0914\u0930 \\beta<\/span> \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e \\alpha \\dashv \\vdash \\beta<\/span>\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n\\left(\\{\\alpha\\}\\vdash\\beta \\wedge \\{\\beta\\}\\vdash\\alpha \\right) \\Leftrightarrow \\left(\\alpha\\dashv\\vdash\\beta\\right)<\/span>\n\u0907\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: \\alpha<\/span> \u0938\u0947 \\beta<\/span> \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \\beta<\/span> \u0938\u0947 \\alpha<\/span> \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092f\u0926\u093f \\alpha<\/span> \u0914\u0930 \\beta<\/span> \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u091f\u093e-\u0917\u0941\u0923 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<a name=\"7\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 (\u092e\u0947\u091f\u093e)\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f<\/h2>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=OvoEDefcSZg&t=1355s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u092f\u0926\u093f \\alpha<\/span> \u0914\u0930 \\beta<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u0948\u0902,<\/span><\/strong><\/a> \u0914\u0930 \\Gamma<\/span> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0939\u0948; \u0924\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0926\u093f \\Gamma \\cup \\{\\alpha\\}<\/span> \u0938\u0947 \\beta<\/span> \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \\Gamma<\/span> \u0938\u0947 (\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)<\/span> \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n\\left(\\Gamma \\cup \\{\\alpha\\}\\vdash \\beta \\right) \\Rightarrow \\left( \\Gamma\\vdash(\\alpha\\rightarrow\\beta)\\right)<\/span>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928:<\/strong><\/p>\n\u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \\Gamma \\cup \\{\\alpha\\}\\vdash \\beta<\/span> \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b:<\/p>\n<table style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>(1)<\/td>\n<td>\\gamma_1<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \\Gamma<\/span> \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f 1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\\vdots<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\\vdots<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(n)<\/td>\n<td>\\gamma_n<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \\Gamma<\/span> \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(n+1)<\/td>\n<td>\\overline{\\gamma}_1<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092e\u094b\u0921\u0938 \u092a\u094b\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0938<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\\vdots<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\\vdots<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(n+m)<\/td>\n<td>\\overline{\\gamma}_m<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092e\u094b\u0921\u0938 \u092a\u094b\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0938<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(n+m+1)<\/td>\n<td>\\alpha<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(n+m+2)<\/td>\n<td>\\beta<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u092e\u094b\u0921\u0938 \u092a\u094b\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0938 (n+m+1, \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0926\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u090f\u0915, \u091b\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0915\u0930 n+m+1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\u0905\u0924\u0903 \\Gamma\\cup\\{\\alpha\\} \\vdash \\beta <\/span>\n\u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \\gamma_1, \\cdots \\gamma_n,\\overline{\\gamma_1},\\cdots,\\overline{\\gamma_m}<\/span> \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f (\\alpha\\rightarrow \\beta)<\/span> \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092f\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \\Gamma<\/span> \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0141ukasiewicz \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \\Gamma\\vdash (\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)<\/span>\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0925\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0930\u092e \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u0928\u0964<\/p>\n<a name=\"8\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f \u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0942\u0932<\/h2>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=OvoEDefcSZg&t=1668s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u093e \u091c\u093e\u090f\u0917\u093e \u0915\u093f<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\\left(\\Gamma\\vdash(\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)\\right) \\Rightarrow \\left( \\Gamma \\cup \\{\\alpha\\}\\vdash \\beta \\right)\n\n<\/span>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928:<\/strong><\/p>\n\u092f\u0926\u093f \\Gamma\\vdash (\\alpha\\rightarrow \\beta)<\/span> \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e<\/p>\n<table style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>(1)<\/td>\n<td>\\gamma_1<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \\Gamma<\/span> \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0939\u0932\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\\vdots<\/span><\/td>\n<td>\\vdots<\/span><\/td>\n<td><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(n)<\/td>\n<td>\\gamma_n<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \\Gamma<\/span> \u0915\u093e n \u0935\u093e\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(n+1)<\/td>\n<td>(\\alpha \\rightarrow \\beta)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u092a\u093f\u091b\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092e\u094b\u0921\u0938 \u092a\u094b\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0938<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\u0905\u092c, \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0939\u092e \u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \\alpha<\/span> \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0902\u0917\u0940<\/p>\n<table style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>(n+2)<\/td>\n<td>\\alpha<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(n+3)<\/td>\n<td>\\beta<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; MP(n+1,n+2)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\u0905\u0924\u0903 \\Gamma \\cup \\{\\alpha\\} \\vdash \\beta<\/span>\n\u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u0925\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924\u0964<\/p>\n<a name=\"9\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/h2>\n\u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \\vdash (\\alpha\\rightarrow \\alpha)<\/span> \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u092e\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u0906\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947, \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u091a\u0940\u091c\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0926\u0942\u0938\u0930\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0939\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0906\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u091a\u0932\u093f\u090f \u092b\u093f\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \\vdash (\\alpha \\rightarrow \\alpha)<\/span>, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928\u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948:<\/p>\n<table style=\"text-align: justify; color: #000000;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>(1)<\/td>\n<td>\\vdash (\\alpha \\rightarrow (\\alpha \\rightarrow \\alpha))<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; A1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(2)<\/td>\n<td>\\{\\alpha\\}\\vdash ( \\alpha \\rightarrow \\alpha)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; RTD(1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(3)<\/td>\n<td>\\{\\alpha\\}\\cup \\{\\alpha\\}\\vdash \\alpha<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; RTD(2)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(4)<\/td>\n<td>\\{\\alpha\\}\\vdash \\alpha<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \\{\\alpha\\}\\cup\\{\\alpha\\}=\\{\\alpha\\}<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(5)<\/td>\n<td>\\vdash (\\alpha\\rightarrow \\alpha)<\/span><\/td>\n<td>; TD(4)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948, \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f, \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e A1 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0141ukasiewicz \u0915\u0947 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u0938 \u092a\u094b\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0942\u0932 \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0907\u0938\u0915\u093e \u092e\u0924\u0932\u092c \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0939\u092e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u0938 \u092a\u094b\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0942\u0932 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902? \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u0913\u0930, \u0939\u092e \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u0938 \u092a\u094b\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \u0939\u092e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u092f\u0939 \u092f\u093e\u0926 \u0930\u0916\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u0926\u094b\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u0141ukasiewicz \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u0921\u0938 \u092a\u094b\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f, \u0907\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u093e \u0915\u093f \u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0905\u092d\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947 \u0917\u090f \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0939\u092e \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0928\u0915\u093e \u0905\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<a name=\"10\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u0938\u092e\u0930\u0942\u092a\u0924\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/h2>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=OvoEDefcSZg&t=1972s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u092f\u0926\u093f \\tau<\/span> \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f \u0939\u0948,<\/span><\/strong><\/a> \u0924\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0915\u093f, \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \\beta<\/span> \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0915\u093f<\/p>\n\\{\\beta\\}\\vdash\\tau<\/span>\n\u092f\u0939 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0939\u0940 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0939\u0948, \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902\u0915\u093f \\tau<\/span> \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0915\u093f \\vdash \\tau<\/span>\u0964 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0924\u094d, \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \\tau<\/span> \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0901\u091a\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0907\u0938\u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u094b\u0902 (\u0916\u093e\u0932\u0940) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e\u0964<\/p>\n\u0907\u0938\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939, \u0905\u0917\u0932\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e \u0907\u0938 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948: \u092f\u0926\u093f \\Gamma<\/span> \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935 \u0938\u092e\u0942\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \\gamma<\/span> \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0924\u094b \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0917\u093e \u0915\u093f<\/p>\n\\Gamma\\cup\\{\\alpha\\}\\vdash\\gamma<\/span>\n\u091c\u0939\u093e\u0902 \\alpha<\/span> \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u092d\u0940 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/p>\n<a name=\"11\"><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>\u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930<\/h2>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=OvoEDefcSZg&t=1933s\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u091c\u092c \u0939\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/span><\/strong><\/a> \u092e\u094b\u0921\u0938 \u092a\u094b\u0928\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0141ukasiewicz \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0902, \u0939\u092e \u091c\u094b \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0935\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u00ab\u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u00bb \u0914\u0930 \u00ab\u0907\u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090a\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u093e \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0928\u00bb \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0926\u092f \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0939\u092e \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964<\/p>\n\u090f\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0930\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u091f\u093e-\u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0925\u093e\u0964 \u092f\u093e\u0926 \u0930\u0916\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0907\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u091f\u093e-\u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u093e\u0938\u093f\u092f\u0924 \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0935\u0947 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u091f\u093e-\u091a\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092d\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u0908 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947 \u091c\u094b \u0909\u0938 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947, \u0939\u092e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0938 \u090f\u0915 \u0910\u0938\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0928\u0902\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948: \u0935\u0947 \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u091c\u094b \u0939\u092e \u092e\u0947\u091f\u093e-\u091a\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0939\u092e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0924\u092c \u0909\u091c\u093e\u0917\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u092c \u0939\u092e \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u093f \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0906\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0926\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u093e\u0935\u093e, \u091c\u092c \u0939\u092e \u0909\u0928\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0924\u094b \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0923\u093e\u092e\u0938\u094d\u0935\u0930\u0942\u092a \u0939\u092e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0921\u0942\u092c \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/p>\n<\/body> \n<\/html><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 – \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0917\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0936:\u0907\u0938 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u092e\u091d\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0907\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0924\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u092d\u093f\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u092c\u0902\u0927\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0921\u093f\u0915\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0928 \u0921\u0947\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":33799,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"iawp_total_views":1,"footnotes":""},"categories":[577,627],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-25278","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-577","category-627"],"yoast_head":"\n<title>\u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901: \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 - toposuranos.com\/material<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0902, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/\u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915-\u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901: \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0902, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/\u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915-\u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"toposuranos.com\/material\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/toposuranos\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-01-25T00:00:40+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-07-31T01:11:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/sitemasdeductivos-5.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1536\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"698\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"giorgio.reveco\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"\u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901: \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0902, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/sitemasdeductivos-5.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@topuranos\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@topuranos\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"giorgio.reveco\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tiempo de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"11 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/hi\\\/%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/hi\\\/%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"giorgio.reveco\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e15164361c3f9a2a02cf6c234cf7fdc1\"},\"headline\":\"\u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901: \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-01-25T00:00:40+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-07-31T01:11:45+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/hi\\\/%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":614,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/hi\\\/%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/01\\\/sitemasdeductivos-5.jpg\",\"articleSection\":[\"\u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924\",\"\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915\"],\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/hi\\\/%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/hi\\\/%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81\\\/\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/hi\\\/%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901: \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 - toposuranos.com\\\/material\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/hi\\\/%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/hi\\\/%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/01\\\/sitemasdeductivos-5.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-01-25T00:00:40+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-07-31T01:11:45+00:00\",\"description\":\"\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0902, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/hi\\\/%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/hi\\\/%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/hi\\\/%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/01\\\/sitemasdeductivos-5.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/01\\\/sitemasdeductivos-5.jpg\",\"width\":1536,\"height\":698},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/hi\\\/%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Portada\",\"item\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/es\\\/cursos-de-matematica-y-fisica\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901: \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/\",\"name\":\"toposuranos.com\\\/material\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"es\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"toposuranos.com\\\/material\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/10\\\/logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/10\\\/logo.png\",\"width\":2400,\"height\":2059,\"caption\":\"toposuranos.com\\\/material\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/groups\\\/toposuranos\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/topuranos\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/channel\\\/UC16yDm12cPcrwsE0fAM7X1g\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/69429190\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/e15164361c3f9a2a02cf6c234cf7fdc1\",\"name\":\"giorgio.reveco\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"@id\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/10\\\/1694478625378-96x96.jpeg\",\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/10\\\/1694478625378-96x96.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/10\\\/1694478625378-96x96.jpeg\",\"caption\":\"giorgio.reveco\"},\"description\":\"Soy Licenciado en F\u00edsica, Magister en Ingenier\u00eda Industrial y Docente Universitario. Me dedico a desmitificar la f\u00edsica y las matem\u00e1ticas. Mi objetivo es hacer que estos campos sean f\u00e1cilmente comprensibles para todos, proporcionando las herramientas para explorar no solo el mundo que nos rodea, sino tambi\u00e9n las profundidades de nuestra propia existencia y el orden natural que nos conecta con el cosmos.\",\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\"],\"url\":\"http:\\\/\\\/toposuranos.com\\\/material\\\/author\\\/giorgio-reveco\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901: \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 - toposuranos.com\/material","description":"\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0902, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/\u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915-\u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901\/","og_locale":"es_ES","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901: \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923","og_description":"\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0902, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964","og_url":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/\u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915-\u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901\/","og_site_name":"toposuranos.com\/material","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/toposuranos","article_published_time":"2021-01-25T00:00:40+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-07-31T01:11:45+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1536,"height":698,"url":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/sitemasdeductivos-5.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"giorgio.reveco","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_title":"\u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901: \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923","twitter_description":"\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0902, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964","twitter_image":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/sitemasdeductivos-5.jpg","twitter_creator":"@topuranos","twitter_site":"@topuranos","twitter_misc":{"Escrito por":"giorgio.reveco","Tiempo de lectura":"11 minutos"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81\/"},"author":{"name":"giorgio.reveco","@id":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/#\/schema\/person\/e15164361c3f9a2a02cf6c234cf7fdc1"},"headline":"\u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901: \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923","datePublished":"2021-01-25T00:00:40+00:00","dateModified":"2025-07-31T01:11:45+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81\/"},"wordCount":614,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/sitemasdeductivos-5.jpg","articleSection":["\u0917\u0923\u093f\u0924","\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915"],"inLanguage":"es","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81\/","url":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81\/","name":"\u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901: \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923 - toposuranos.com\/material","isPartOf":{"@id":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/sitemasdeductivos-5.jpg","datePublished":"2021-01-25T00:00:40+00:00","dateModified":"2025-07-31T01:11:45+00:00","description":"\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0902, \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0947\u092f \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964","breadcrumb":{"@id":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"es","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"es","@id":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81\/#primaryimage","url":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/sitemasdeductivos-5.jpg","contentUrl":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/sitemasdeductivos-5.jpg","width":1536,"height":698},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Portada","item":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/es\/cursos-de-matematica-y-fisica\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901: \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/#website","url":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/","name":"toposuranos.com\/material","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"es"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/#organization","name":"toposuranos.com\/material","url":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"es","@id":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/logo.png","contentUrl":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/logo.png","width":2400,"height":2059,"caption":"toposuranos.com\/material"},"image":{"@id":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/groups\/toposuranos","https:\/\/x.com\/topuranos","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UC16yDm12cPcrwsE0fAM7X1g","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/69429190"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/#\/schema\/person\/e15164361c3f9a2a02cf6c234cf7fdc1","name":"giorgio.reveco","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"es","@id":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/1694478625378-96x96.jpeg","url":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/1694478625378-96x96.jpeg","contentUrl":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/1694478625378-96x96.jpeg","caption":"giorgio.reveco"},"description":"Soy Licenciado en F\u00edsica, Magister en Ingenier\u00eda Industrial y Docente Universitario. Me dedico a desmitificar la f\u00edsica y las matem\u00e1ticas. Mi objetivo es hacer que estos campos sean f\u00e1cilmente comprensibles para todos, proporcionando las herramientas para explorar no solo el mundo que nos rodea, sino tambi\u00e9n las profundidades de nuestra propia existencia y el orden natural que nos conecta con el cosmos.","sameAs":["http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material"],"url":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/author\/giorgio-reveco\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25278","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25278"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25278\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/33799"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25278"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25278"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25278"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}

{"id":25278,"date":"2021-01-25T00:00:40","date_gmt":"2021-01-25T00:00:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/?p=25278"},"modified":"2025-07-31T01:11:45","modified_gmt":"2025-07-31T01:11:45","slug":"%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/toposuranos.com\/material\/hi\/%e0%a4%94%e0%a4%aa%e0%a4%9a%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%95-%e0%a4%a8%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%97%e0%a4%ae%e0%a4%a8-%e0%a4%aa%e0%a5%8d%e0%a4%b0%e0%a4%a3%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%b2%e0%a4%bf%e0%a4%af%e0%a4%be%e0%a4%81\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0914\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0917\u092e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901: \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092d\u093e\u0937\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0926\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0923"},"content":{"rendered":"